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Convenir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to be advisable, be convenient, agree”.
Below are all of the conjugations for convenir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to be advisable, be convenient, agree |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | convenir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está conviniendo) and past continuous (estaba conviniendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. being convenient).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he convenido and hubiera convenido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have been convenient).
| Gerundio / Gerund | conviniendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | convenido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I be convenient” or “they be convenient”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | convengo |
| Tú | convienes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conviene |
| Nosotros / as | convenimos |
| Vosotros / as | convenís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convienen |
| Vos | convenís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I was convenient” or “she was convenient” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convine | I was convenient |
| Tú | conviniste | You was convenient |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convino | He / she / you was convenient |
| Nosotros / as | convinimos | We was convenient |
| Vosotros / as | convinisteis | You was convenient |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convinieron | They / you was convenient |
| Vos | conviniste | You was convenient |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was being convenient” or “she was being convenient” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convenía | I was being convenient |
| Tú | convenías | You were being convenient |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convenía | He was / she was / you were being convenient |
| Nosotros / as | conveníamos | We were being convenient |
| Vosotros / as | conveníais | You were being convenient |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convenían | They / you were being convenient |
| Vos | convenías | You were being convenient |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have been convenient” and “she has been convenient”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he convenido | I have been convenient |
| Tú | has convenido | You have been convenient |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha convenido | He has / she has / you have been convenient |
| Nosotros / as | hemos convenido | We have been convenient |
| Vosotros / as | habéis convenido | You have been convenient |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han convenido | They / you have been convenient |
| Vos | has convenido | You have been convenient |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would be convenient” or “she would be convenient”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convendría | I would be convenient |
| Tú | convendrías | You would be convenient |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convendría | He / she / you would be convenient |
| Nosotros / as | convendríamos | We would be convenient |
| Vosotros / as | convendríais | You would be convenient |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convendrían | They / you would be convenient |
| Vos | convendrías | You would be convenient |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will be convenient” or “they will be convenient”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a convenir” means “They are going to be convenient”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convendré | I will be convenient |
| Tú | convendrás | You will be convenient |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convendrá | He / she / you will be convenient |
| Nosotros / as | convendremos | We will be convenient |
| Vosotros / as | convendréis | You will be convenient |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convendrán | They / you will be convenient |
| Vos | convendrás | You will be convenient |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | convenga |
| Tú | convengas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convenga |
| Nosotros / as | convengamos |
| Vosotros / as | convengáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convengan |
| Vos | convengas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | conviniera | conviniese |
| Tú | convinieras | conviniese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conviniera | conviniese |
| Nosotros / as | conviniéramos | conviniésemos |
| Vosotros / as | convinierais | convinieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convinieran | conviniesen |
| Vos | convinieras | conviniese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | conviniere |
| Tú | convinieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | conviniera |
| Nosotros / as | conviniéremos |
| Vosotros / as | conviniereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convinieren |
| Vos | convinieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “be convenient!” and “don’t be convenient!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | convén | no convengas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convenga | no convenga |
| Nosotros / as | convengamos | no convengamos |
| Vosotros / as | convenid | no convengáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convengan | no convengan |
| Vos | convení | no convengas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya convenido |
| Tú | hayas convenido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya convenido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos convenido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis convenido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan convenido |
| Vos | hayas convenido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera convenido / hubiese convenido |
| Tú | hubieras convenido / hubieses convenido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera convenido / hubiese convenido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos convenido / hubiésemos convenido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais convenido / hubieseis convenido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran convenido / hubiesen convenido |
| Vos | hubieras convenido / hubieses convenido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere convenido |
| Tú | hubieres convenido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere convenido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos convenido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis convenido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren convenido |
| Vos | hubieres convenido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté conviniendo |
| Tú | estés conviniendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté conviniendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos conviniendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis conviniendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén conviniendo |
| Vos | estés conviniendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera conviniendo / estuviese conviniendo |
| Tú | estuvieras conviniendo / estuvieses conviniendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera conviniendo / estuviese conviniendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos conviniendo / estuviésamos conviniendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais conviniendo / estuvieseis conviniendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera conviniendo / estuviese conviniendo |
| Vos | estuvieras conviniendo / estuvieses conviniendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere conviniendo |
| Tú | estuvieres conviniendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere conviniendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos conviniendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis conviniendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere conviniendo |
| Vos | estuvieres conviniendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos convenís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos conviniste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos convenías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos convendrías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos convendrás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos convengas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos convinieras / Vos conviniese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos convení |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no convengas |