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Desalmar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to weaken, upset”.
Below are all of the conjugations for desalmar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to weaken, upset |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | desalmar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está desalmando) and past continuous (estaba desalmando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. weakening).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he desalmado and hubiera desalmado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have weakened).
| Gerundio / Gerund | desalmando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | desalmado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I weaken” or “they weaken”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desalmo |
| Tú | desalmas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desalma |
| Nosotros / as | desalmamos |
| Vosotros / as | desalmáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desalman |
| Vos | desalmas |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I weakened” or “she weakened” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desalmé | I weakened |
| Tú | desalmaste | You weakened |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desalmó | He / she / you weakened |
| Nosotros / as | desalmamos | We weakened |
| Vosotros / as | desalmasteis | You weakened |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desalmaron | They / you weakened |
| Vos | desalmaste | You weakened |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was weakening” or “she was weakening” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desalmaba | I was weakening |
| Tú | desalmabas | You were weakening |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desalmaba | He was / she was / you were weakening |
| Nosotros / as | desalmábamos | We were weakening |
| Vosotros / as | desalmabais | You were weakening |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desalmaban | They / you were weakening |
| Vos | desalmabas | You were weakening |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have weakened” and “she has weakened”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he desalmado | I have weakened |
| Tú | has desalmado | You have weakened |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha desalmado | He has / she has / you have weakened |
| Nosotros / as | hemos desalmado | We have weakened |
| Vosotros / as | habéis desalmado | You have weakened |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han desalmado | They / you have weakened |
| Vos | has desalmado | You have weakened |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would weaken” or “she would weaken”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desalmaría | I would weaken |
| Tú | desalmarías | You would weaken |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desalmaría | He / she / you would weaken |
| Nosotros / as | desalmaríamos | We would weaken |
| Vosotros / as | desalmaríais | You would weaken |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desalmarían | They / you would weaken |
| Vos | desalmarías | You would weaken |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will weaken” or “they will weaken”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a desalmar” means “They are going to weaken”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desalmaré | I will weaken |
| Tú | desalmarás | You will weaken |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desalmará | He / she / you will weaken |
| Nosotros / as | desalmaremos | We will weaken |
| Vosotros / as | desalmaréis | You will weaken |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desalmarán | They / you will weaken |
| Vos | desalmarás | You will weaken |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desalme |
| Tú | desalmes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desalme |
| Nosotros / as | desalmemos |
| Vosotros / as | desalméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desalmen |
| Vos | desalmes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | desalmara | desalmase |
| Tú | desalmaras | desalmase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desalmara | desalmase |
| Nosotros / as | desalmáramos | desalmásemos |
| Vosotros / as | desalmarais | desalmaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desalmaran | desalmasen |
| Vos | desalmaras | desalmase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | desalmare |
| Tú | desalmares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desalmare |
| Nosotros / as | desalmáremos |
| Vosotros / as | desalmareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desalmaren |
| Vos | desalmares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “weaken!” and “don’t weaken!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | desalma | no desalmes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | desalme | no desalme |
| Nosotros / as | desalmemos | no desalmemos |
| Vosotros / as | desalmad | no desalméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | desalmen | no desalmen |
| Vos | desalma | no desalmes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya desalmado |
| Tú | hayas desalmado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya desalmado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos desalmado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis desalmado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan desalmado |
| Vos | hayas desalmado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera desalmado / hubiese desalmado |
| Tú | hubieras desalmado / hubieses desalmado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera desalmado / hubiese desalmado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos desalmado / hubiésemos desalmado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais desalmado / hubieseis desalmado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran desalmado / hubiesen desalmado |
| Vos | hubieras desalmado / hubieses desalmado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere desalmado |
| Tú | hubieres desalmado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere desalmado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos desalmado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis desalmado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren desalmado |
| Vos | hubieres desalmado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté desalmando |
| Tú | estés desalmando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté desalmando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos desalmando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis desalmando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén desalmando |
| Vos | estés desalmando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera desalmando / estuviese desalmando |
| Tú | estuvieras desalmando / estuvieses desalmando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera desalmando / estuviese desalmando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos desalmando / estuviésamos desalmando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais desalmando / estuvieseis desalmando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera desalmando / estuviese desalmando |
| Vos | estuvieras desalmando / estuvieses desalmando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere desalmando |
| Tú | estuvieres desalmando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere desalmando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos desalmando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis desalmando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere desalmando |
| Vos | estuvieres desalmando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos desalmas |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos desalmaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos desalmabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos desalmarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos desalmarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos desalmes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos desalmaras / Vos desalmase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos desalma |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no desalmes |