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Disciplinar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to discipline, train”.
Below are all of the conjugations for disciplinar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to discipline, train |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | disciplinar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está disciplinando) and past continuous (estaba disciplinando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. disciplining).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he disciplinado and hubiera disciplinado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have disciplined).
| Gerundio / Gerund | disciplinando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | disciplinado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I discipline” or “they discipline”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | disciplino |
| Tú | disciplinas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disciplina |
| Nosotros / as | disciplinamos |
| Vosotros / as | disciplináis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disciplinan |
| Vos | disciplinás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I disciplined” or “she disciplined” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | discipliné | I disciplined |
| Tú | disciplinaste | You disciplined |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disciplinó | He / she / you disciplined |
| Nosotros / as | disciplinamos | We disciplined |
| Vosotros / as | disciplinasteis | You disciplined |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disciplinaron | They / you disciplined |
| Vos | disciplinaste | You disciplined |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was disciplining” or “she was disciplining” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disciplinaba | I was disciplining |
| Tú | disciplinabas | You were disciplining |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disciplinaba | He was / she was / you were disciplining |
| Nosotros / as | disciplinábamos | We were disciplining |
| Vosotros / as | disciplinabais | You were disciplining |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disciplinaban | They / you were disciplining |
| Vos | disciplinabas | You were disciplining |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have disciplined” and “she has disciplined”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he disciplinado | I have disciplined |
| Tú | has disciplinado | You have disciplined |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha disciplinado | He has / she has / you have disciplined |
| Nosotros / as | hemos disciplinado | We have disciplined |
| Vosotros / as | habéis disciplinado | You have disciplined |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han disciplinado | They / you have disciplined |
| Vos | has disciplinado | You have disciplined |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would discipline” or “she would discipline”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disciplinaría | I would discipline |
| Tú | disciplinarías | You would discipline |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disciplinaría | He / she / you would discipline |
| Nosotros / as | disciplinaríamos | We would discipline |
| Vosotros / as | disciplinaríais | You would discipline |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disciplinarían | They / you would discipline |
| Vos | disciplinarías | You would discipline |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will discipline” or “they will discipline”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a disciplinar” means “They are going to discipline”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disciplinaré | I will discipline |
| Tú | disciplinarás | You will discipline |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disciplinará | He / she / you will discipline |
| Nosotros / as | disciplinaremos | We will discipline |
| Vosotros / as | disciplinaréis | You will discipline |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disciplinarán | They / you will discipline |
| Vos | disciplinarás | You will discipline |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | discipline |
| Tú | disciplines |
| Él / Ella / Usted | discipline |
| Nosotros / as | disciplinemos |
| Vosotros / as | disciplinéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disciplinen |
| Vos | disciplines |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disciplinara | disciplinase |
| Tú | disciplinaras | disciplinase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disciplinara | disciplinase |
| Nosotros / as | disciplináramos | disciplinásemos |
| Vosotros / as | disciplinarais | disciplinaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disciplinaran | disciplinasen |
| Vos | disciplinaras | disciplinase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | disciplinare |
| Tú | disciplinares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disciplinare |
| Nosotros / as | disciplináremos |
| Vosotros / as | disciplinareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disciplinaren |
| Vos | disciplinares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “discipline!” and “don’t discipline!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | disciplina | no disciplines |
| Él / Ella / Usted | discipline | no discipline |
| Nosotros / as | disciplinemos | no disciplinemos |
| Vosotros / as | disciplinad | no disciplinéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disciplinen | no disciplinen |
| Vos | discipliná | no disciplines |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya disciplinado |
| Tú | hayas disciplinado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya disciplinado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos disciplinado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis disciplinado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan disciplinado |
| Vos | hayas disciplinado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera disciplinado / hubiese disciplinado |
| Tú | hubieras disciplinado / hubieses disciplinado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera disciplinado / hubiese disciplinado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos disciplinado / hubiésemos disciplinado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais disciplinado / hubieseis disciplinado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran disciplinado / hubiesen disciplinado |
| Vos | hubieras disciplinado / hubieses disciplinado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere disciplinado |
| Tú | hubieres disciplinado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere disciplinado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos disciplinado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis disciplinado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren disciplinado |
| Vos | hubieres disciplinado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté disciplinando |
| Tú | estés disciplinando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté disciplinando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos disciplinando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis disciplinando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén disciplinando |
| Vos | estés disciplinando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera disciplinando / estuviese disciplinando |
| Tú | estuvieras disciplinando / estuvieses disciplinando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera disciplinando / estuviese disciplinando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos disciplinando / estuviésamos disciplinando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais disciplinando / estuvieseis disciplinando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera disciplinando / estuviese disciplinando |
| Vos | estuvieras disciplinando / estuvieses disciplinando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere disciplinando |
| Tú | estuvieres disciplinando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere disciplinando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos disciplinando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis disciplinando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere disciplinando |
| Vos | estuvieres disciplinando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos disciplinás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos disciplinaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos disciplinabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos disciplinarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos disciplinarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos disciplines |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos disciplinaras / Vos disciplinase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos discipliná |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no disciplines |