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Disparar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to fire, discharge”.
Below are all of the conjugations for disparar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to fire, discharge |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | disparar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está disparando) and past continuous (estaba disparando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. firing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he disparado and hubiera disparado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have fired).
| Gerundio / Gerund | disparando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | disparado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I fire” or “they fire”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | disparo |
| Tú | disparas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispara |
| Nosotros / as | disparamos |
| Vosotros / as | disparáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disparan |
| Vos | disparás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I fired” or “she fired” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disparé | I fired |
| Tú | disparaste | You fired |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disparó | He / she / you fired |
| Nosotros / as | disparamos | We fired |
| Vosotros / as | disparasteis | You fired |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispararon | They / you fired |
| Vos | disparaste | You fired |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was firing” or “she was firing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disparaba | I was firing |
| Tú | disparabas | You were firing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disparaba | He was / she was / you were firing |
| Nosotros / as | disparábamos | We were firing |
| Vosotros / as | disparabais | You were firing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disparaban | They / you were firing |
| Vos | disparabas | You were firing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have fired” and “she has fired”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he disparado | I have fired |
| Tú | has disparado | You have fired |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha disparado | He has / she has / you have fired |
| Nosotros / as | hemos disparado | We have fired |
| Vosotros / as | habéis disparado | You have fired |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han disparado | They / you have fired |
| Vos | has disparado | You have fired |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would fire” or “she would fire”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dispararía | I would fire |
| Tú | dispararías | You would fire |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispararía | He / she / you would fire |
| Nosotros / as | dispararíamos | We would fire |
| Vosotros / as | dispararíais | You would fire |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispararían | They / you would fire |
| Vos | dispararías | You would fire |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will fire” or “they will fire”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a disparar” means “They are going to fire”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dispararé | I will fire |
| Tú | dispararás | You will fire |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disparará | He / she / you will fire |
| Nosotros / as | dispararemos | We will fire |
| Vosotros / as | dispararéis | You will fire |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispararán | They / you will fire |
| Vos | dispararás | You will fire |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | dispare |
| Tú | dispares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispare |
| Nosotros / as | disparemos |
| Vosotros / as | disparéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disparen |
| Vos | dispares |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disparara | disparase |
| Tú | dispararas | disparase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disparara | disparase |
| Nosotros / as | disparáramos | disparásemos |
| Vosotros / as | dispararais | disparaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispararan | disparasen |
| Vos | dispararas | disparase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | disparare |
| Tú | disparares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disparare |
| Nosotros / as | disparáremos |
| Vosotros / as | disparareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dispararen |
| Vos | disparares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “fire!” and “don’t fire!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | dispara | no dispares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dispare | no dispare |
| Nosotros / as | disparemos | no disparemos |
| Vosotros / as | disparad | no disparéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disparen | no disparen |
| Vos | dispará | no dispares |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya disparado |
| Tú | hayas disparado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya disparado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos disparado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis disparado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan disparado |
| Vos | hayas disparado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera disparado / hubiese disparado |
| Tú | hubieras disparado / hubieses disparado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera disparado / hubiese disparado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos disparado / hubiésemos disparado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais disparado / hubieseis disparado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran disparado / hubiesen disparado |
| Vos | hubieras disparado / hubieses disparado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere disparado |
| Tú | hubieres disparado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere disparado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos disparado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis disparado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren disparado |
| Vos | hubieres disparado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté disparando |
| Tú | estés disparando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté disparando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos disparando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis disparando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén disparando |
| Vos | estés disparando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera disparando / estuviese disparando |
| Tú | estuvieras disparando / estuvieses disparando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera disparando / estuviese disparando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos disparando / estuviésamos disparando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais disparando / estuvieseis disparando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera disparando / estuviese disparando |
| Vos | estuvieras disparando / estuvieses disparando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere disparando |
| Tú | estuvieres disparando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere disparando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos disparando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis disparando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere disparando |
| Vos | estuvieres disparando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos disparás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos disparaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos disparabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos dispararías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos dispararás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos dispares |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos dispararas / Vos disparase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos dispará |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no dispares |