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Dividir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to divide, split, separate from”.
Below are all of the conjugations for dividir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to divide, split, separate from |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | dividir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está dividiendo) and past continuous (estaba dividiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. dividing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he dividido and hubiera dividido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have divided).
| Gerundio / Gerund | dividiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | dividido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I divide” or “they divide”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | divido |
| Tú | divides |
| Él / Ella / Usted | divide |
| Nosotros / as | dividimos |
| Vosotros / as | dividís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dividen |
| Vos | dividís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I divided” or “she divided” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dividí | I divided |
| Tú | dividiste | You divided |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dividió | He / she / you divided |
| Nosotros / as | dividimos | We divided |
| Vosotros / as | dividisteis | You divided |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dividieron | They / you divided |
| Vos | dividiste | You divided |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was dividing” or “she was dividing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dividía | I was dividing |
| Tú | dividías | You were dividing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dividía | He was / she was / you were dividing |
| Nosotros / as | dividíamos | We were dividing |
| Vosotros / as | dividíais | You were dividing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dividían | They / you were dividing |
| Vos | dividías | You were dividing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have divided” and “she has divided”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he dividido | I have divided |
| Tú | has dividido | You have divided |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha dividido | He has / she has / you have divided |
| Nosotros / as | hemos dividido | We have divided |
| Vosotros / as | habéis dividido | You have divided |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han dividido | They / you have divided |
| Vos | has dividido | You have divided |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would divide” or “she would divide”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dividiría | I would divide |
| Tú | dividirías | You would divide |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dividiría | He / she / you would divide |
| Nosotros / as | dividiríamos | We would divide |
| Vosotros / as | dividiríais | You would divide |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dividirían | They / you would divide |
| Vos | dividirías | You would divide |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will divide” or “they will divide”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a dividir” means “They are going to divide”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dividiré | I will divide |
| Tú | dividirás | You will divide |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dividirá | He / she / you will divide |
| Nosotros / as | dividiremos | We will divide |
| Vosotros / as | dividiréis | You will divide |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dividirán | They / you will divide |
| Vos | dividirás | You will divide |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | divida |
| Tú | dividas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | divida |
| Nosotros / as | dividamos |
| Vosotros / as | dividáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dividan |
| Vos | dividas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dividiera | dividiese |
| Tú | dividieras | dividiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dividiera | dividiese |
| Nosotros / as | dividiéramos | dividiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | dividierais | dividieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dividieran | dividiesen |
| Vos | dividieras | dividiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | dividiere |
| Tú | dividieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dividiera |
| Nosotros / as | dividiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | dividiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dividieren |
| Vos | dividieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “divide!” and “don’t divide!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | divide | no dividas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | divida | no divida |
| Nosotros / as | dividamos | no dividamos |
| Vosotros / as | dividid | no dividáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dividan | no dividan |
| Vos | dividí | no dividas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya dividido |
| Tú | hayas dividido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya dividido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos dividido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis dividido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan dividido |
| Vos | hayas dividido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera dividido / hubiese dividido |
| Tú | hubieras dividido / hubieses dividido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera dividido / hubiese dividido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos dividido / hubiésemos dividido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais dividido / hubieseis dividido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran dividido / hubiesen dividido |
| Vos | hubieras dividido / hubieses dividido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere dividido |
| Tú | hubieres dividido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere dividido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos dividido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis dividido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren dividido |
| Vos | hubieres dividido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté dividiendo |
| Tú | estés dividiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté dividiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos dividiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis dividiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén dividiendo |
| Vos | estés dividiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera dividiendo / estuviese dividiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras dividiendo / estuvieses dividiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera dividiendo / estuviese dividiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos dividiendo / estuviésamos dividiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais dividiendo / estuvieseis dividiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera dividiendo / estuviese dividiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras dividiendo / estuvieses dividiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere dividiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres dividiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere dividiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos dividiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis dividiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere dividiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres dividiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos dividís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos dividiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos dividías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos dividirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos dividirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos dividas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos dividieras / Vos dividiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos dividí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no dividas |