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Dudar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to doubt, hesitate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for dudar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to doubt, hesitate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | dudar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está dudando) and past continuous (estaba dudando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. doubting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he dudado and hubiera dudado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have doubted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | dudando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | dudado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I doubt” or “they doubt”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | dudo |
| Tú | dudas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | duda |
| Nosotros / as | dudamos |
| Vosotros / as | dudáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dudan |
| Vos | dudás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I doubted” or “she doubted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dudé | I doubted |
| Tú | dudaste | You doubted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dudó | He / she / you doubted |
| Nosotros / as | dudamos | We doubted |
| Vosotros / as | dudasteis | You doubted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dudaron | They / you doubted |
| Vos | dudaste | You doubted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was doubting” or “she was doubting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dudaba | I was doubting |
| Tú | dudabas | You were doubting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dudaba | He was / she was / you were doubting |
| Nosotros / as | dudábamos | We were doubting |
| Vosotros / as | dudabais | You were doubting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dudaban | They / you were doubting |
| Vos | dudabas | You were doubting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have doubted” and “she has doubted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he dudado | I have doubted |
| Tú | has dudado | You have doubted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha dudado | He has / she has / you have doubted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos dudado | We have doubted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis dudado | You have doubted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han dudado | They / you have doubted |
| Vos | has dudado | You have doubted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would doubt” or “she would doubt”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dudaría | I would doubt |
| Tú | dudarías | You would doubt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dudaría | He / she / you would doubt |
| Nosotros / as | dudaríamos | We would doubt |
| Vosotros / as | dudaríais | You would doubt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dudarían | They / you would doubt |
| Vos | dudarías | You would doubt |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will doubt” or “they will doubt”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a dudar” means “They are going to doubt”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dudaré | I will doubt |
| Tú | dudarás | You will doubt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dudará | He / she / you will doubt |
| Nosotros / as | dudaremos | We will doubt |
| Vosotros / as | dudaréis | You will doubt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dudarán | They / you will doubt |
| Vos | dudarás | You will doubt |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | dude |
| Tú | dudes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dude |
| Nosotros / as | dudemos |
| Vosotros / as | dudéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | duden |
| Vos | dudes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dudara | dudase |
| Tú | dudaras | dudase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dudara | dudase |
| Nosotros / as | dudáramos | dudásemos |
| Vosotros / as | dudarais | dudaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dudaran | dudasen |
| Vos | dudaras | dudase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | dudare |
| Tú | dudares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dudare |
| Nosotros / as | dudáremos |
| Vosotros / as | dudareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dudaren |
| Vos | dudares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “doubt!” and “don’t doubt!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | duda | no dudes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dude | no dude |
| Nosotros / as | dudemos | no dudemos |
| Vosotros / as | dudad | no dudéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | duden | no duden |
| Vos | dudá | no dudes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya dudado |
| Tú | hayas dudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya dudado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos dudado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis dudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan dudado |
| Vos | hayas dudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera dudado / hubiese dudado |
| Tú | hubieras dudado / hubieses dudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera dudado / hubiese dudado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos dudado / hubiésemos dudado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais dudado / hubieseis dudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran dudado / hubiesen dudado |
| Vos | hubieras dudado / hubieses dudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere dudado |
| Tú | hubieres dudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere dudado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos dudado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis dudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren dudado |
| Vos | hubieres dudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté dudando |
| Tú | estés dudando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté dudando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos dudando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis dudando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén dudando |
| Vos | estés dudando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera dudando / estuviese dudando |
| Tú | estuvieras dudando / estuvieses dudando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera dudando / estuviese dudando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos dudando / estuviésamos dudando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais dudando / estuvieseis dudando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera dudando / estuviese dudando |
| Vos | estuvieras dudando / estuvieses dudando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere dudando |
| Tú | estuvieres dudando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere dudando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos dudando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis dudando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere dudando |
| Vos | estuvieres dudando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos dudás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos dudaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos dudabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos dudarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos dudarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos dudes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos dudaras / Vos dudase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos dudá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no dudes |