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Encarar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to face, confront”.
Below are all of the conjugations for encarar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to face, confront |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | encarar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está encarando) and past continuous (estaba encarando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. facing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he encarado and hubiera encarado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have faced).
| Gerundio / Gerund | encarando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | encarado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I face” or “they face”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | encaro |
| Tú | encaras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encara |
| Nosotros / as | encaramos |
| Vosotros / as | encaráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encaran |
| Vos | encarás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I faced” or “she faced” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encaré | I faced |
| Tú | encaraste | You faced |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encaró | He / she / you faced |
| Nosotros / as | encaramos | We faced |
| Vosotros / as | encarasteis | You faced |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encararon | They / you faced |
| Vos | encaraste | You faced |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was facing” or “she was facing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encaraba | I was facing |
| Tú | encarabas | You were facing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encaraba | He was / she was / you were facing |
| Nosotros / as | encarábamos | We were facing |
| Vosotros / as | encarabais | You were facing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encaraban | They / you were facing |
| Vos | encarabas | You were facing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have faced” and “she has faced”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he encarado | I have faced |
| Tú | has encarado | You have faced |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha encarado | He has / she has / you have faced |
| Nosotros / as | hemos encarado | We have faced |
| Vosotros / as | habéis encarado | You have faced |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han encarado | They / you have faced |
| Vos | has encarado | You have faced |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would face” or “she would face”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encararía | I would face |
| Tú | encararías | You would face |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encararía | He / she / you would face |
| Nosotros / as | encararíamos | We would face |
| Vosotros / as | encararíais | You would face |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encararían | They / you would face |
| Vos | encararías | You would face |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will face” or “they will face”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a encarar” means “They are going to face”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encararé | I will face |
| Tú | encararás | You will face |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encarará | He / she / you will face |
| Nosotros / as | encararemos | We will face |
| Vosotros / as | encararéis | You will face |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encararán | They / you will face |
| Vos | encararás | You will face |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | encare |
| Tú | encares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encare |
| Nosotros / as | encaremos |
| Vosotros / as | encaréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encaren |
| Vos | encares |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | encarara | encarase |
| Tú | encararas | encarase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encarara | encarase |
| Nosotros / as | encaráramos | encarásemos |
| Vosotros / as | encararais | encaraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encararan | encarasen |
| Vos | encararas | encarase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | encarare |
| Tú | encarares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encarare |
| Nosotros / as | encaráremos |
| Vosotros / as | encarareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encararen |
| Vos | encarares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “face!” and “don’t face!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | encara | no encares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | encare | no encare |
| Nosotros / as | encaremos | no encaremos |
| Vosotros / as | encarad | no encaréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | encaren | no encaren |
| Vos | encará | no encares |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya encarado |
| Tú | hayas encarado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya encarado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos encarado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis encarado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan encarado |
| Vos | hayas encarado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera encarado / hubiese encarado |
| Tú | hubieras encarado / hubieses encarado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera encarado / hubiese encarado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos encarado / hubiésemos encarado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais encarado / hubieseis encarado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran encarado / hubiesen encarado |
| Vos | hubieras encarado / hubieses encarado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere encarado |
| Tú | hubieres encarado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere encarado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos encarado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis encarado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren encarado |
| Vos | hubieres encarado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté encarando |
| Tú | estés encarando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté encarando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos encarando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis encarando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén encarando |
| Vos | estés encarando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera encarando / estuviese encarando |
| Tú | estuvieras encarando / estuvieses encarando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera encarando / estuviese encarando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos encarando / estuviésamos encarando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais encarando / estuvieseis encarando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera encarando / estuviese encarando |
| Vos | estuvieras encarando / estuvieses encarando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere encarando |
| Tú | estuvieres encarando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere encarando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos encarando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis encarando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere encarando |
| Vos | estuvieres encarando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos encarás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos encaraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos encarabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos encararías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos encararás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos encares |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos encararas / Vos encarase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos encará |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no encares |