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Endeudarse is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to get into debt”.
It’s a reflexive verb, which means the subject performs the action upon themselves – e.g. “I wake myself”.
Reflexive verbs always carry a reflexive pronoun – me, te, se, nos or os – which is often placed before the conjugated verb (e.g. me endeudo) or after the infinitive (e.g. Él tiene que endeudarse).
Below are all of the conjugations for endeudarse in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to get into debt |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | endeudarse |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está endeudándose) and past continuous (estaba endeudándose). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. getting into debt).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he endeudado and hubiera endeudado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have gotten into debt).
| Gerundio / Gerund | endeudándose |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | endeudado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I get into debt” or “they get into debt”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me endeudo |
| Tú | te endeudas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se endeuda |
| Nosotros / as | nos endeudamos |
| Vosotros / as | os endeudáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se endeudan |
| Vos | te endeudás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I got into debt” or “she got into debt” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me endeudé | I got into debt |
| Tú | te endeudaste | You got into debt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se endeudó | He / she / you got into debt |
| Nosotros / as | nos endeudamos | We got into debt |
| Vosotros / as | os endeudasteis | You got into debt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se endeudaron | They / you got into debt |
| Vos | te endeudaste | You got into debt |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was getting into debt” or “she was getting into debt” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me endeudaba | I was getting into debt |
| Tú | te endeudabas | You were getting into debt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se endeudaba | He was / she was / you were getting into debt |
| Nosotros / as | nos endeudábamos | We were getting into debt |
| Vosotros / as | os endeudabais | You were getting into debt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se endeudaban | They / you were getting into debt |
| Vos | te endeudabas | You were getting into debt |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have gotten into debt” and “she has gotten into debt”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me he endeudado | I have gotten into debt |
| Tú | te has endeudado | You have gotten into debt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se ha endeudado | He has / she has / you have gotten into debt |
| Nosotros / as | nos hemos endeudado | We have gotten into debt |
| Vosotros / as | os habéis endeudado | You have gotten into debt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se han endeudado | They / you have gotten into debt |
| Vos | te has endeudado | You have gotten into debt |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would get into debt” or “she would get into debt”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me endeudaría | I would get into debt |
| Tú | te endeudarías | You would get into debt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se endeudaría | He / she / you would get into debt |
| Nosotros / as | nos endeudaríamos | We would get into debt |
| Vosotros / as | os endeudaríais | You would get into debt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se endeudarían | They / you would get into debt |
| Vos | te endeudarías | You would get into debt |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will get into debt” or “they will get into debt”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a endeudarse” means “They are going to get into debt”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me endeudaré | I will get into debt |
| Tú | te endeudarás | You will get into debt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se endeudará | He / she / you will get into debt |
| Nosotros / as | nos endeudaremos | We will get into debt |
| Vosotros / as | os endeudaréis | You will get into debt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se endeudarán | They / you will get into debt |
| Vos | te endeudarás | You will get into debt |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me endeude |
| Tú | te endeudes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se endeude |
| Nosotros / as | nos endeudemos |
| Vosotros / as | os endeudéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se endeuden |
| Vos | te endeudes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me endeudara | me endeudase |
| Tú | te endeudaras | me endeudase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se endeudara | se endeudase |
| Nosotros / as | nos endeudáramos | nos endeudásemos |
| Vosotros / as | os endeudarais | os endeudaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se endeudaran | se endeudasen |
| Vos | te endeudaras | me endeudase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me endeudare |
| Tú | te endeudares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se endeudare |
| Nosotros / as | nos endeudáremos |
| Vosotros / as | os endeudareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se endeudaren |
| Vos | te endeudares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “get into debt!” and “don’t get into debt!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | endeúdate | no te endeudes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | endeúdese | no se endeude |
| Nosotros / as | endeudémonos | no nos endeudemos |
| Vosotros / as | endeudaos | no os endeudéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | endeúdense | no se endeuden |
| Vos | endeudate | no te endeudes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya endeudado |
| Tú | hayas endeudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya endeudado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos endeudado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis endeudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan endeudado |
| Vos | hayas endeudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera endeudado / hubiese endeudado |
| Tú | hubieras endeudado / hubieses endeudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera endeudado / hubiese endeudado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos endeudado / hubiésemos endeudado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais endeudado / hubieseis endeudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran endeudado / hubiesen endeudado |
| Vos | hubieras endeudado / hubieses endeudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere endeudado |
| Tú | hubieres endeudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere endeudado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos endeudado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis endeudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren endeudado |
| Vos | hubieres endeudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté endeudándose |
| Tú | estés endeudándose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté endeudándose |
| Nosotros / as | estemos endeudándose |
| Vosotros / as | estéis endeudándose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén endeudándose |
| Vos | estés endeudándose |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera endeudándose / estuviese endeudándose |
| Tú | estuvieras endeudándose / estuvieses endeudándose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera endeudándose / estuviese endeudándose |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos endeudándose / estuviésamos endeudándose |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais endeudándose / estuvieseis endeudándose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera endeudándose / estuviese endeudándose |
| Vos | estuvieras endeudándose / estuvieses endeudándose |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere endeudándose |
| Tú | estuvieres endeudándose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere endeudándose |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos endeudándose |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis endeudándose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere endeudándose |
| Vos | estuvieres endeudándose |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos te endeudás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos te endeudaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos te endeudabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos te endeudarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos te endeudarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos te endeudes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos te endeudaras / Vos me endeudase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos endeudate |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no te endeudes |