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Entristecer is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to sadden, make unhappy”.
Below are all of the conjugations for entristecer in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to sadden, make unhappy |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | entristecer |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está entristeciendo) and past continuous (estaba entristeciendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. saddening).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he entristecido and hubiera entristecido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have saddened).
| Gerundio / Gerund | entristeciendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | entristecido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I sadden” or “they sadden”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | entristezco |
| Tú | entristeces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entristece |
| Nosotros / as | entristecemos |
| Vosotros / as | entristecéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entristecen |
| Vos | entristecés |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I saddened” or “she saddened” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entristecí | I saddened |
| Tú | entristeciste | You saddened |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entristeció | He / she / you saddened |
| Nosotros / as | entristecimos | We saddened |
| Vosotros / as | entristecisteis | You saddened |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entristecieron | They / you saddened |
| Vos | entristeciste | You saddened |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was saddening” or “she was saddening” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entristecía | I was saddening |
| Tú | entristecías | You were saddening |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entristecía | He was / she was / you were saddening |
| Nosotros / as | entristecíamos | We were saddening |
| Vosotros / as | entristecíais | You were saddening |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entristecían | They / you were saddening |
| Vos | entristecías | You were saddening |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have saddened” and “she has saddened”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he entristecido | I have saddened |
| Tú | has entristecido | You have saddened |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha entristecido | He has / she has / you have saddened |
| Nosotros / as | hemos entristecido | We have saddened |
| Vosotros / as | habéis entristecido | You have saddened |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han entristecido | They / you have saddened |
| Vos | has entristecido | You have saddened |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would sadden” or “she would sadden”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entristecería | I would sadden |
| Tú | entristecerías | You would sadden |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entristecería | He / she / you would sadden |
| Nosotros / as | entristeceríamos | We would sadden |
| Vosotros / as | entristeceríais | You would sadden |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entristecerían | They / you would sadden |
| Vos | entristecerías | You would sadden |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will sadden” or “they will sadden”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a entristecer” means “They are going to sadden”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entristeceré | I will sadden |
| Tú | entristecerás | You will sadden |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entristecerá | He / she / you will sadden |
| Nosotros / as | entristeceremos | We will sadden |
| Vosotros / as | entristeceréis | You will sadden |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entristecerán | They / you will sadden |
| Vos | entristecerás | You will sadden |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | entristezca |
| Tú | entristezcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entristezca |
| Nosotros / as | entristezcamos |
| Vosotros / as | entristezcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entristezcan |
| Vos | entristezcas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entristeciera | entristeciese |
| Tú | entristecieras | entristeciese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entristeciera | entristeciese |
| Nosotros / as | entristeciéramos | entristeciésemos |
| Vosotros / as | entristecierais | entristecieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entristecieran | entristeciesen |
| Vos | entristecieras | entristeciese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | entristeciere |
| Tú | entristecieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entristeciere |
| Nosotros / as | entristeciéremos |
| Vosotros / as | entristeciereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entristecieren |
| Vos | entristecieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “sadden!” and “don’t sadden!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | entristece | no entristezcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entristezca | no entristezca |
| Nosotros / as | entristezcamos | no entristezcamos |
| Vosotros / as | entristeced | no entristezcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entristezcan | no entristezcan |
| Vos | entristecé | no entristezcas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya entristecido |
| Tú | hayas entristecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya entristecido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos entristecido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis entristecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan entristecido |
| Vos | hayas entristecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera entristecido / hubiese entristecido |
| Tú | hubieras entristecido / hubieses entristecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera entristecido / hubiese entristecido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos entristecido / hubiésemos entristecido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais entristecido / hubieseis entristecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran entristecido / hubiesen entristecido |
| Vos | hubieras entristecido / hubieses entristecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere entristecido |
| Tú | hubieres entristecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere entristecido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos entristecido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis entristecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren entristecido |
| Vos | hubieres entristecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté entristeciendo |
| Tú | estés entristeciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté entristeciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos entristeciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis entristeciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén entristeciendo |
| Vos | estés entristeciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera entristeciendo / estuviese entristeciendo |
| Tú | estuvieras entristeciendo / estuvieses entristeciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera entristeciendo / estuviese entristeciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos entristeciendo / estuviésamos entristeciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais entristeciendo / estuvieseis entristeciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera entristeciendo / estuviese entristeciendo |
| Vos | estuvieras entristeciendo / estuvieses entristeciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere entristeciendo |
| Tú | estuvieres entristeciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere entristeciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos entristeciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis entristeciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere entristeciendo |
| Vos | estuvieres entristeciendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos entristecés |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos entristeciste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos entristecías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos entristecerías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos entristecerás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos entristezcas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos entristecieras / Vos entristeciese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos entristecé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no entristezcas |