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Entusiasmar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to make enthusiastic, encourage”.
Below are all of the conjugations for entusiasmar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to make enthusiastic, encourage |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | entusiasmar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está entusiasmando) and past continuous (estaba entusiasmando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. making enthusiastic).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he entusiasmado and hubiera entusiasmado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have made enthusiastic).
| Gerundio / Gerund | entusiasmando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | entusiasmado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I make enthusiastic” or “they make enthusiastic”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | entusiasmo |
| Tú | entusiasmas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entusiasma |
| Nosotros / as | entusiasmamos |
| Vosotros / as | entusiasmáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entusiasman |
| Vos | entusiasmás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I made enthusiastic” or “she made enthusiastic” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entusiasmé | I made enthusiastic |
| Tú | entusiasmaste | You made enthusiastic |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entusiasmó | He / she / you made enthusiastic |
| Nosotros / as | entusiasmamos | We made enthusiastic |
| Vosotros / as | entusiasmasteis | You made enthusiastic |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entusiasmaron | They / you made enthusiastic |
| Vos | entusiasmaste | You made enthusiastic |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was making enthusiastic” or “she was making enthusiastic” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entusiasmaba | I was making enthusiastic |
| Tú | entusiasmabas | You were making enthusiastic |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entusiasmaba | He was / she was / you were making enthusiastic |
| Nosotros / as | entusiasmábamos | We were making enthusiastic |
| Vosotros / as | entusiasmabais | You were making enthusiastic |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entusiasmaban | They / you were making enthusiastic |
| Vos | entusiasmabas | You were making enthusiastic |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have made enthusiastic” and “she has made enthusiastic”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he entusiasmado | I have made enthusiastic |
| Tú | has entusiasmado | You have made enthusiastic |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha entusiasmado | He has / she has / you have made enthusiastic |
| Nosotros / as | hemos entusiasmado | We have made enthusiastic |
| Vosotros / as | habéis entusiasmado | You have made enthusiastic |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han entusiasmado | They / you have made enthusiastic |
| Vos | has entusiasmado | You have made enthusiastic |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would make enthusiastic” or “she would make enthusiastic”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entusiasmaría | I would make enthusiastic |
| Tú | entusiasmarías | You would make enthusiastic |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entusiasmaría | He / she / you would make enthusiastic |
| Nosotros / as | entusiasmaríamos | We would make enthusiastic |
| Vosotros / as | entusiasmaríais | You would make enthusiastic |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entusiasmarían | They / you would make enthusiastic |
| Vos | entusiasmarías | You would make enthusiastic |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will make enthusiastic” or “they will make enthusiastic”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a entusiasmar” means “They are going to make enthusiastic”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entusiasmaré | I will make enthusiastic |
| Tú | entusiasmarás | You will make enthusiastic |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entusiasmará | He / she / you will make enthusiastic |
| Nosotros / as | entusiasmaremos | We will make enthusiastic |
| Vosotros / as | entusiasmaréis | You will make enthusiastic |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entusiasmarán | They / you will make enthusiastic |
| Vos | entusiasmarás | You will make enthusiastic |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | entusiasme |
| Tú | entusiasmes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entusiasme |
| Nosotros / as | entusiasmemos |
| Vosotros / as | entusiasméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entusiasmen |
| Vos | entusiasmes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | entusiasmara | entusiasmase |
| Tú | entusiasmaras | entusiasmase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entusiasmara | entusiasmase |
| Nosotros / as | entusiasmáramos | entusiasmásemos |
| Vosotros / as | entusiasmarais | entusiasmaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entusiasmaran | entusiasmasen |
| Vos | entusiasmaras | entusiasmase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | entusiasmare |
| Tú | entusiasmares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entusiasmare |
| Nosotros / as | entusiasmáremos |
| Vosotros / as | entusiasmareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entusiasmaren |
| Vos | entusiasmares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “make enthusiastic!” and “don’t make enthusiastic!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | entusiasma | no entusiasmes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | entusiasme | no entusiasme |
| Nosotros / as | entusiasmemos | no entusiasmemos |
| Vosotros / as | entusiasmad | no entusiasméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | entusiasmen | no entusiasmen |
| Vos | entusiasmá | no entusiasmes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya entusiasmado |
| Tú | hayas entusiasmado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya entusiasmado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos entusiasmado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis entusiasmado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan entusiasmado |
| Vos | hayas entusiasmado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera entusiasmado / hubiese entusiasmado |
| Tú | hubieras entusiasmado / hubieses entusiasmado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera entusiasmado / hubiese entusiasmado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos entusiasmado / hubiésemos entusiasmado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais entusiasmado / hubieseis entusiasmado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran entusiasmado / hubiesen entusiasmado |
| Vos | hubieras entusiasmado / hubieses entusiasmado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere entusiasmado |
| Tú | hubieres entusiasmado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere entusiasmado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos entusiasmado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis entusiasmado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren entusiasmado |
| Vos | hubieres entusiasmado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté entusiasmando |
| Tú | estés entusiasmando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté entusiasmando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos entusiasmando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis entusiasmando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén entusiasmando |
| Vos | estés entusiasmando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera entusiasmando / estuviese entusiasmando |
| Tú | estuvieras entusiasmando / estuvieses entusiasmando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera entusiasmando / estuviese entusiasmando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos entusiasmando / estuviésamos entusiasmando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais entusiasmando / estuvieseis entusiasmando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera entusiasmando / estuviese entusiasmando |
| Vos | estuvieras entusiasmando / estuvieses entusiasmando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere entusiasmando |
| Tú | estuvieres entusiasmando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere entusiasmando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos entusiasmando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis entusiasmando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere entusiasmando |
| Vos | estuvieres entusiasmando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos entusiasmás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos entusiasmaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos entusiasmabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos entusiasmarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos entusiasmarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos entusiasmes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos entusiasmaras / Vos entusiasmase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos entusiasmá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no entusiasmes |