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Enumerar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to enumerate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for enumerar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to enumerate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | enumerar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está enumerando) and past continuous (estaba enumerando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. enumerating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he enumerado and hubiera enumerado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have enumerated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | enumerando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | enumerado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I enumerate” or “they enumerate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enumero |
| Tú | enumeras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enumera |
| Nosotros / as | enumeramos |
| Vosotros / as | enumeráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enumeran |
| Vos | enumerás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I enumerated” or “she enumerated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enumeré | I enumerated |
| Tú | enumeraste | You enumerated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enumeró | He / she / you enumerated |
| Nosotros / as | enumeramos | We enumerated |
| Vosotros / as | enumerasteis | You enumerated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enumeraron | They / you enumerated |
| Vos | enumeraste | You enumerated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was enumerating” or “she was enumerating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enumeraba | I was enumerating |
| Tú | enumerabas | You were enumerating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enumeraba | He was / she was / you were enumerating |
| Nosotros / as | enumerábamos | We were enumerating |
| Vosotros / as | enumerabais | You were enumerating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enumeraban | They / you were enumerating |
| Vos | enumerabas | You were enumerating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have enumerated” and “she has enumerated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he enumerado | I have enumerated |
| Tú | has enumerado | You have enumerated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha enumerado | He has / she has / you have enumerated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos enumerado | We have enumerated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis enumerado | You have enumerated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han enumerado | They / you have enumerated |
| Vos | has enumerado | You have enumerated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would enumerate” or “she would enumerate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enumeraría | I would enumerate |
| Tú | enumerarías | You would enumerate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enumeraría | He / she / you would enumerate |
| Nosotros / as | enumeraríamos | We would enumerate |
| Vosotros / as | enumeraríais | You would enumerate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enumerarían | They / you would enumerate |
| Vos | enumerarías | You would enumerate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will enumerate” or “they will enumerate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a enumerar” means “They are going to enumerate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enumeraré | I will enumerate |
| Tú | enumerarás | You will enumerate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enumerará | He / she / you will enumerate |
| Nosotros / as | enumeraremos | We will enumerate |
| Vosotros / as | enumeraréis | You will enumerate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enumerarán | They / you will enumerate |
| Vos | enumerarás | You will enumerate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enumere |
| Tú | enumeres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enumere |
| Nosotros / as | enumeremos |
| Vosotros / as | enumeréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enumeren |
| Vos | enumeres |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enumerara | enumerase |
| Tú | enumeraras | enumerase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enumerara | enumerase |
| Nosotros / as | enumeráramos | enumerásemos |
| Vosotros / as | enumerarais | enumeraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enumeraran | enumerasen |
| Vos | enumeraras | enumerase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enumerare |
| Tú | enumerares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enumerare |
| Nosotros / as | enumeráremos |
| Vosotros / as | enumerareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enumeraren |
| Vos | enumerares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “enumerate!” and “don’t enumerate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | enumera | no enumeres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enumere | no enumere |
| Nosotros / as | enumeremos | no enumeremos |
| Vosotros / as | enumerad | no enumeréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enumeren | no enumeren |
| Vos | enumerá | no enumeres |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya enumerado |
| Tú | hayas enumerado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya enumerado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos enumerado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis enumerado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan enumerado |
| Vos | hayas enumerado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera enumerado / hubiese enumerado |
| Tú | hubieras enumerado / hubieses enumerado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera enumerado / hubiese enumerado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos enumerado / hubiésemos enumerado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais enumerado / hubieseis enumerado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran enumerado / hubiesen enumerado |
| Vos | hubieras enumerado / hubieses enumerado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere enumerado |
| Tú | hubieres enumerado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere enumerado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos enumerado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis enumerado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren enumerado |
| Vos | hubieres enumerado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté enumerando |
| Tú | estés enumerando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté enumerando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos enumerando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis enumerando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén enumerando |
| Vos | estés enumerando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera enumerando / estuviese enumerando |
| Tú | estuvieras enumerando / estuvieses enumerando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera enumerando / estuviese enumerando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos enumerando / estuviésamos enumerando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais enumerando / estuvieseis enumerando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera enumerando / estuviese enumerando |
| Vos | estuvieras enumerando / estuvieses enumerando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere enumerando |
| Tú | estuvieres enumerando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere enumerando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos enumerando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis enumerando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere enumerando |
| Vos | estuvieres enumerando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos enumerás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos enumeraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos enumerabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos enumerarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos enumerarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos enumeres |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos enumeraras / Vos enumerase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos enumerá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no enumeres |