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Enunciar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to enunciate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for enunciar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to enunciate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | enunciar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está enunciando) and past continuous (estaba enunciando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. enunciating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he enunciado and hubiera enunciado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have enunciated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | enunciando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | enunciado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I enunciate” or “they enunciate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enuncio |
| Tú | enuncias |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enuncia |
| Nosotros / as | enunciamos |
| Vosotros / as | enunciáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enuncian |
| Vos | enuncias |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I enunciated” or “she enunciated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enuncié | I enunciated |
| Tú | enunciaste | You enunciated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enunció | He / she / you enunciated |
| Nosotros / as | enunciamos | We enunciated |
| Vosotros / as | enunciasteis | You enunciated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enunciaron | They / you enunciated |
| Vos | enunciaste | You enunciated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was enunciating” or “she was enunciating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enunciaba | I was enunciating |
| Tú | enunciabas | You were enunciating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enunciaba | He was / she was / you were enunciating |
| Nosotros / as | enunciábamos | We were enunciating |
| Vosotros / as | enunciabais | You were enunciating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enunciaban | They / you were enunciating |
| Vos | enunciabas | You were enunciating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have enunciated” and “she has enunciated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he enunciado | I have enunciated |
| Tú | has enunciado | You have enunciated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha enunciado | He has / she has / you have enunciated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos enunciado | We have enunciated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis enunciado | You have enunciated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han enunciado | They / you have enunciated |
| Vos | has enunciado | You have enunciated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would enunciate” or “she would enunciate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enunciaría | I would enunciate |
| Tú | enunciarías | You would enunciate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enunciaría | He / she / you would enunciate |
| Nosotros / as | enunciaríamos | We would enunciate |
| Vosotros / as | enunciaríais | You would enunciate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enunciarían | They / you would enunciate |
| Vos | enunciarías | You would enunciate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will enunciate” or “they will enunciate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a enunciar” means “They are going to enunciate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enunciaré | I will enunciate |
| Tú | enunciarás | You will enunciate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enunciará | He / she / you will enunciate |
| Nosotros / as | enunciaremos | We will enunciate |
| Vosotros / as | enunciaréis | You will enunciate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enunciarán | They / you will enunciate |
| Vos | enunciarás | You will enunciate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enuncie |
| Tú | enuncies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enuncie |
| Nosotros / as | enunciemos |
| Vosotros / as | enunciéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enuncien |
| Vos | enuncies |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enunciara | enunciase |
| Tú | enunciaras | enunciase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enunciara | enunciase |
| Nosotros / as | enunciáramos | enunciásemos |
| Vosotros / as | enunciarais | enunciaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enunciaran | enunciasen |
| Vos | enunciaras | enunciase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enunciare |
| Tú | enunciares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enunciare |
| Nosotros / as | enunciáremos |
| Vosotros / as | enunciareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enunciaren |
| Vos | enunciares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “enunciate!” and “don’t enunciate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | enuncia | no enuncies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enuncie | no enuncie |
| Nosotros / as | enunciemos | no enunciemos |
| Vosotros / as | enunciad | no enunciéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enuncien | no enuncien |
| Vos | enunciá | no enuncies |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya enunciado |
| Tú | hayas enunciado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya enunciado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos enunciado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis enunciado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan enunciado |
| Vos | hayas enunciado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera enunciado / hubiese enunciado |
| Tú | hubieras enunciado / hubieses enunciado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera enunciado / hubiese enunciado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos enunciado / hubiésemos enunciado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais enunciado / hubieseis enunciado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran enunciado / hubiesen enunciado |
| Vos | hubieras enunciado / hubieses enunciado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere enunciado |
| Tú | hubieres enunciado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere enunciado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos enunciado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis enunciado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren enunciado |
| Vos | hubieres enunciado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté enunciando |
| Tú | estés enunciando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté enunciando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos enunciando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis enunciando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén enunciando |
| Vos | estés enunciando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera enunciando / estuviese enunciando |
| Tú | estuvieras enunciando / estuvieses enunciando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera enunciando / estuviese enunciando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos enunciando / estuviésamos enunciando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais enunciando / estuvieseis enunciando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera enunciando / estuviese enunciando |
| Vos | estuvieras enunciando / estuvieses enunciando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere enunciando |
| Tú | estuvieres enunciando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere enunciando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos enunciando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis enunciando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere enunciando |
| Vos | estuvieres enunciando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos enuncias |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos enunciaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos enunciabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos enunciarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos enunciarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos enuncies |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos enunciaras / Vos enunciase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos enunciá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no enuncies |