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Enviar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to send”.
Below are all of the conjugations for enviar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to send |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | enviar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está enviando) and past continuous (estaba enviando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. sending).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he enviado and hubiera enviado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have sent).
| Gerundio / Gerund | enviando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | enviado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I send” or “they send”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envío |
| Tú | envías |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envía |
| Nosotros / as | enviamos |
| Vosotros / as | enviáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envían |
| Vos | enviás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I sent” or “she sent” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | envié | I sent |
| Tú | enviaste | You sent |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envió | He / she / you sent |
| Nosotros / as | enviamos | We sent |
| Vosotros / as | enviasteis | You sent |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviaron | They / you sent |
| Vos | enviaste | You sent |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was sending” or “she was sending” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enviaba | I was sending |
| Tú | enviabas | You were sending |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviaba | He was / she was / you were sending |
| Nosotros / as | enviábamos | We were sending |
| Vosotros / as | enviabais | You were sending |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviaban | They / you were sending |
| Vos | enviabas | You were sending |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have sent” and “she has sent”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he enviado | I have sent |
| Tú | has enviado | You have sent |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha enviado | He has / she has / you have sent |
| Nosotros / as | hemos enviado | We have sent |
| Vosotros / as | habéis enviado | You have sent |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han enviado | They / you have sent |
| Vos | has enviado | You have sent |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would send” or “she would send”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enviaría | I would send |
| Tú | enviarías | You would send |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviaría | He / she / you would send |
| Nosotros / as | enviaríamos | We would send |
| Vosotros / as | enviaríais | You would send |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviarían | They / you would send |
| Vos | enviarías | You would send |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will send” or “they will send”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a enviar” means “They are going to send”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enviaré | I will send |
| Tú | enviarás | You will send |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviará | He / she / you will send |
| Nosotros / as | enviaremos | We will send |
| Vosotros / as | enviaréis | You will send |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviarán | They / you will send |
| Vos | enviarás | You will send |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | envíe |
| Tú | envíes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envíe |
| Nosotros / as | enviemos |
| Vosotros / as | enviéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envíen |
| Vos | envíes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | enviara | enviase |
| Tú | enviaras | enviase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviara | enviase |
| Nosotros / as | enviáramos | enviásemos |
| Vosotros / as | enviarais | enviaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviaran | enviasen |
| Vos | enviaras | enviase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | enviare |
| Tú | enviares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | enviare |
| Nosotros / as | enviáremos |
| Vosotros / as | enviareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | enviaren |
| Vos | enviares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “send!” and “don’t send!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | envía | no envíes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | envíe | no envíe |
| Nosotros / as | enviemos | no enviemos |
| Vosotros / as | enviad | no enviéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | envíen | no envíen |
| Vos | enviá | no envíes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya enviado |
| Tú | hayas enviado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya enviado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos enviado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis enviado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan enviado |
| Vos | hayas enviado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera enviado / hubiese enviado |
| Tú | hubieras enviado / hubieses enviado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera enviado / hubiese enviado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos enviado / hubiésemos enviado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais enviado / hubieseis enviado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran enviado / hubiesen enviado |
| Vos | hubieras enviado / hubieses enviado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere enviado |
| Tú | hubieres enviado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere enviado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos enviado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis enviado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren enviado |
| Vos | hubieres enviado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté enviando |
| Tú | estés enviando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté enviando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos enviando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis enviando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén enviando |
| Vos | estés enviando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera enviando / estuviese enviando |
| Tú | estuvieras enviando / estuvieses enviando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera enviando / estuviese enviando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos enviando / estuviésamos enviando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais enviando / estuvieseis enviando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera enviando / estuviese enviando |
| Vos | estuvieras enviando / estuvieses enviando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere enviando |
| Tú | estuvieres enviando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere enviando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos enviando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis enviando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere enviando |
| Vos | estuvieres enviando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos enviás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos enviaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos enviabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos enviarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos enviarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos envíes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos enviaras / Vos enviase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos enviá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no envíes |