Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Menu
Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Espesar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to thicken, condense”.
Below are all of the conjugations for espesar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to thicken, condense |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | espesar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está espesando) and past continuous (estaba espesando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. thickening).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he espesado and hubiera espesado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have thickened).
| Gerundio / Gerund | espesando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | espesado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I thicken” or “they thicken”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | espeso |
| Tú | espesas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | espesa |
| Nosotros / as | espesamos |
| Vosotros / as | espesáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | espesan |
| Vos | espesás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I thickened” or “she thickened” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | espesé | I thickened |
| Tú | espesaste | You thickened |
| Él / Ella / Usted | espesó | He / she / you thickened |
| Nosotros / as | espesamos | We thickened |
| Vosotros / as | espesasteis | You thickened |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | espesaron | They / you thickened |
| Vos | espesaste | You thickened |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was thickening” or “she was thickening” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | espesaba | I was thickening |
| Tú | espesabas | You were thickening |
| Él / Ella / Usted | espesaba | He was / she was / you were thickening |
| Nosotros / as | espesábamos | We were thickening |
| Vosotros / as | espesabais | You were thickening |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | espesaban | They / you were thickening |
| Vos | espesabas | You were thickening |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have thickened” and “she has thickened”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he espesado | I have thickened |
| Tú | has espesado | You have thickened |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha espesado | He has / she has / you have thickened |
| Nosotros / as | hemos espesado | We have thickened |
| Vosotros / as | habéis espesado | You have thickened |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han espesado | They / you have thickened |
| Vos | has espesado | You have thickened |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would thicken” or “she would thicken”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | espesaría | I would thicken |
| Tú | espesarías | You would thicken |
| Él / Ella / Usted | espesaría | He / she / you would thicken |
| Nosotros / as | espesaríamos | We would thicken |
| Vosotros / as | espesaríais | You would thicken |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | espesarían | They / you would thicken |
| Vos | espesarías | You would thicken |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will thicken” or “they will thicken”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a espesar” means “They are going to thicken”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | espesaré | I will thicken |
| Tú | espesarás | You will thicken |
| Él / Ella / Usted | espesará | He / she / you will thicken |
| Nosotros / as | espesaremos | We will thicken |
| Vosotros / as | espesaréis | You will thicken |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | espesarán | They / you will thicken |
| Vos | espesarás | You will thicken |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | espese |
| Tú | espeses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | espese |
| Nosotros / as | espesemos |
| Vosotros / as | espeséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | espesen |
| Vos | espeses |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | espesara | espesase |
| Tú | espesaras | espesase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | espesara | espesase |
| Nosotros / as | espesáramos | espesásemos |
| Vosotros / as | espesarais | espesaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | espesaran | espesasen |
| Vos | espesaras | espesase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | espesare |
| Tú | espesares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | espesare |
| Nosotros / as | espesáremos |
| Vosotros / as | espesareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | espesaren |
| Vos | espesares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “thicken!” and “don’t thicken!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | espesa | no espeses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | espese | no espese |
| Nosotros / as | espesemos | no espesemos |
| Vosotros / as | espesad | no espeséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | espesen | no espesen |
| Vos | espesá | no espeses |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya espesado |
| Tú | hayas espesado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya espesado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos espesado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis espesado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan espesado |
| Vos | hayas espesado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera espesado / hubiese espesado |
| Tú | hubieras espesado / hubieses espesado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera espesado / hubiese espesado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos espesado / hubiésemos espesado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais espesado / hubieseis espesado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran espesado / hubiesen espesado |
| Vos | hubieras espesado / hubieses espesado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere espesado |
| Tú | hubieres espesado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere espesado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos espesado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis espesado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren espesado |
| Vos | hubieres espesado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté espesando |
| Tú | estés espesando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté espesando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos espesando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis espesando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén espesando |
| Vos | estés espesando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera espesando / estuviese espesando |
| Tú | estuvieras espesando / estuvieses espesando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera espesando / estuviese espesando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos espesando / estuviésamos espesando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais espesando / estuvieseis espesando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera espesando / estuviese espesando |
| Vos | estuvieras espesando / estuvieses espesando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere espesando |
| Tú | estuvieres espesando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere espesando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos espesando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis espesando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere espesando |
| Vos | estuvieres espesando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos espesás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos espesaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos espesabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos espesarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos espesarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos espeses |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos espesaras / Vos espesase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos espesá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no espeses |