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Estimular is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to stimulate, encourage”.
Below are all of the conjugations for estimular in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to stimulate, encourage |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | estimular |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está estimulando) and past continuous (estaba estimulando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. stimulating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he estimulado and hubiera estimulado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have stimulated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | estimulando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | estimulado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I stimulate” or “they stimulate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estimulo |
| Tú | estimulas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estimula |
| Nosotros / as | estimulamos |
| Vosotros / as | estimuláis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estimulan |
| Vos | estimulás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I stimulated” or “she stimulated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | estimulé | I stimulated |
| Tú | estimulaste | You stimulated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estimuló | He / she / you stimulated |
| Nosotros / as | estimulamos | We stimulated |
| Vosotros / as | estimulasteis | You stimulated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estimularon | They / you stimulated |
| Vos | estimulaste | You stimulated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was stimulating” or “she was stimulating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | estimulaba | I was stimulating |
| Tú | estimulabas | You were stimulating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estimulaba | He was / she was / you were stimulating |
| Nosotros / as | estimulábamos | We were stimulating |
| Vosotros / as | estimulabais | You were stimulating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estimulaban | They / you were stimulating |
| Vos | estimulabas | You were stimulating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have stimulated” and “she has stimulated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he estimulado | I have stimulated |
| Tú | has estimulado | You have stimulated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha estimulado | He has / she has / you have stimulated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos estimulado | We have stimulated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis estimulado | You have stimulated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han estimulado | They / you have stimulated |
| Vos | has estimulado | You have stimulated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would stimulate” or “she would stimulate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | estimularía | I would stimulate |
| Tú | estimularías | You would stimulate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estimularía | He / she / you would stimulate |
| Nosotros / as | estimularíamos | We would stimulate |
| Vosotros / as | estimularíais | You would stimulate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estimularían | They / you would stimulate |
| Vos | estimularías | You would stimulate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will stimulate” or “they will stimulate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a estimular” means “They are going to stimulate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | estimularé | I will stimulate |
| Tú | estimularás | You will stimulate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estimulará | He / she / you will stimulate |
| Nosotros / as | estimularemos | We will stimulate |
| Vosotros / as | estimularéis | You will stimulate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estimularán | They / you will stimulate |
| Vos | estimularás | You will stimulate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estimule |
| Tú | estimules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estimule |
| Nosotros / as | estimulemos |
| Vosotros / as | estimuléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estimulen |
| Vos | estimules |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | estimulara | estimulase |
| Tú | estimularas | estimulase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estimulara | estimulase |
| Nosotros / as | estimuláramos | estimulásemos |
| Vosotros / as | estimularais | estimulaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estimularan | estimulasen |
| Vos | estimularas | estimulase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estimulare |
| Tú | estimulares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estimulare |
| Nosotros / as | estimuláremos |
| Vosotros / as | estimulareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estimularen |
| Vos | estimulares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “stimulate!” and “don’t stimulate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | estimula | no estimules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estimule | no estimule |
| Nosotros / as | estimulemos | no estimulemos |
| Vosotros / as | estimulad | no estimuléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estimulen | no estimulen |
| Vos | estimulá | no estimules |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya estimulado |
| Tú | hayas estimulado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya estimulado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos estimulado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis estimulado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan estimulado |
| Vos | hayas estimulado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera estimulado / hubiese estimulado |
| Tú | hubieras estimulado / hubieses estimulado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera estimulado / hubiese estimulado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos estimulado / hubiésemos estimulado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais estimulado / hubieseis estimulado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran estimulado / hubiesen estimulado |
| Vos | hubieras estimulado / hubieses estimulado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere estimulado |
| Tú | hubieres estimulado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere estimulado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos estimulado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis estimulado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren estimulado |
| Vos | hubieres estimulado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté estimulando |
| Tú | estés estimulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté estimulando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos estimulando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis estimulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén estimulando |
| Vos | estés estimulando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera estimulando / estuviese estimulando |
| Tú | estuvieras estimulando / estuvieses estimulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera estimulando / estuviese estimulando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos estimulando / estuviésamos estimulando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais estimulando / estuvieseis estimulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera estimulando / estuviese estimulando |
| Vos | estuvieras estimulando / estuvieses estimulando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere estimulando |
| Tú | estuvieres estimulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere estimulando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos estimulando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis estimulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere estimulando |
| Vos | estuvieres estimulando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos estimulás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos estimulaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos estimulabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos estimularías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos estimularás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos estimules |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos estimularas / Vos estimulase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos estimulá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no estimules |