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Extinguir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to extinguish, put out, wipe out”.
Below are all of the conjugations for extinguir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to extinguish, put out, wipe out |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | extinguir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está extinguiendo) and past continuous (estaba extinguiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. extinguishing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he extinguido and hubiera extinguido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have extinguished).
| Gerundio / Gerund | extinguiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | extinguido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I extinguish” or “they extinguish”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extingo |
| Tú | extingues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extingue |
| Nosotros / as | extinguimos |
| Vosotros / as | extinguís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extinguen |
| Vos | extinguís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I extinguished” or “she extinguished” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extinguí | I extinguished |
| Tú | extinguiste | You extinguished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extinguió | He / she / you extinguished |
| Nosotros / as | extinguimos | We extinguished |
| Vosotros / as | extinguisteis | You extinguished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extinguieron | They / you extinguished |
| Vos | extinguiste | You extinguished |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was extinguishing” or “she was extinguishing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extinguía | I was extinguishing |
| Tú | extinguías | You were extinguishing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extinguía | He was / she was / you were extinguishing |
| Nosotros / as | extinguíamos | We were extinguishing |
| Vosotros / as | extinguíais | You were extinguishing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extinguían | They / you were extinguishing |
| Vos | extinguías | You were extinguishing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have extinguished” and “she has extinguished”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he extinguido | I have extinguished |
| Tú | has extinguido | You have extinguished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha extinguido | He has / she has / you have extinguished |
| Nosotros / as | hemos extinguido | We have extinguished |
| Vosotros / as | habéis extinguido | You have extinguished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han extinguido | They / you have extinguished |
| Vos | has extinguido | You have extinguished |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would extinguish” or “she would extinguish”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extinguiría | I would extinguish |
| Tú | extinguirías | You would extinguish |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extinguiría | He / she / you would extinguish |
| Nosotros / as | extinguiríamos | We would extinguish |
| Vosotros / as | extinguiríais | You would extinguish |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extinguirían | They / you would extinguish |
| Vos | extinguirías | You would extinguish |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will extinguish” or “they will extinguish”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a extinguir” means “They are going to extinguish”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extinguiré | I will extinguish |
| Tú | extinguirás | You will extinguish |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extinguirá | He / she / you will extinguish |
| Nosotros / as | extinguiremos | We will extinguish |
| Vosotros / as | extinguiréis | You will extinguish |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extinguirán | They / you will extinguish |
| Vos | extinguirás | You will extinguish |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extinga |
| Tú | extingas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extinga |
| Nosotros / as | extigamos |
| Vosotros / as | extigáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extingan |
| Vos | extingas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extinguiera | extinguiese |
| Tú | extinguieras | extinguiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extinguiera | extinguiese |
| Nosotros / as | extinguiéramos | extinguiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | extinguierais | extinguieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extinguieran | extinguiesen |
| Vos | extinguieras | extinguiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extinguiere |
| Tú | extinguieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extinguiera |
| Nosotros / as | extinguiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | extinguiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extinguieren |
| Vos | extinguieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “extinguish!” and “don’t extinguish!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | extingue | no extingas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extinga | no extinga |
| Nosotros / as | extigamos | no extigamos |
| Vosotros / as | extinguid | no extigáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extingan | no extingan |
| Vos | extinguí | no extingas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya extinguido |
| Tú | hayas extinguido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya extinguido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos extinguido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis extinguido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan extinguido |
| Vos | hayas extinguido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera extinguido / hubiese extinguido |
| Tú | hubieras extinguido / hubieses extinguido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera extinguido / hubiese extinguido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos extinguido / hubiésemos extinguido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais extinguido / hubieseis extinguido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran extinguido / hubiesen extinguido |
| Vos | hubieras extinguido / hubieses extinguido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere extinguido |
| Tú | hubieres extinguido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere extinguido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos extinguido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis extinguido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren extinguido |
| Vos | hubieres extinguido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté extinguiendo |
| Tú | estés extinguiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté extinguiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos extinguiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis extinguiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén extinguiendo |
| Vos | estés extinguiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera extinguiendo / estuviese extinguiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras extinguiendo / estuvieses extinguiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera extinguiendo / estuviese extinguiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos extinguiendo / estuviésamos extinguiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais extinguiendo / estuvieseis extinguiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera extinguiendo / estuviese extinguiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras extinguiendo / estuvieses extinguiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere extinguiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres extinguiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere extinguiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos extinguiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis extinguiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere extinguiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres extinguiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos extinguís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos extinguiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos extinguías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos extinguirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos extinguirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos extingas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos extinguieras / Vos extinguiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos extinguí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no extingas |