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Extraviar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to misplace, lose, go astray, get lost”.
Below are all of the conjugations for extraviar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to misplace, lose, go astray, get lost |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | extraviar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está extraviando) and past continuous (estaba extraviando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. misplacing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he extraviado and hubiera extraviado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have misplaced).
| Gerundio / Gerund | extraviando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | extraviado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I misplace” or “they misplace”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extravío |
| Tú | extravías |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extravía |
| Nosotros / as | extraviamos |
| Vosotros / as | extraviáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extravían |
| Vos | extraviás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I misplaced” or “she misplaced” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extravié | I misplaced |
| Tú | extraviaste | You misplaced |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extravió | He / she / you misplaced |
| Nosotros / as | extraviamos | We misplaced |
| Vosotros / as | extraviasteis | You misplaced |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraviaron | They / you misplaced |
| Vos | extraviaste | You misplaced |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was misplacing” or “she was misplacing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extraviaba | I was misplacing |
| Tú | extraviabas | You were misplacing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraviaba | He was / she was / you were misplacing |
| Nosotros / as | extraviábamos | We were misplacing |
| Vosotros / as | extraviabais | You were misplacing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraviaban | They / you were misplacing |
| Vos | extraviabas | You were misplacing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have misplaced” and “she has misplaced”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he extraviado | I have misplaced |
| Tú | has extraviado | You have misplaced |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha extraviado | He has / she has / you have misplaced |
| Nosotros / as | hemos extraviado | We have misplaced |
| Vosotros / as | habéis extraviado | You have misplaced |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han extraviado | They / you have misplaced |
| Vos | has extraviado | You have misplaced |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would misplace” or “she would misplace”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extraviaría | I would misplace |
| Tú | extraviarías | You would misplace |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraviaría | He / she / you would misplace |
| Nosotros / as | extraviaríamos | We would misplace |
| Vosotros / as | extraviaríais | You would misplace |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraviarían | They / you would misplace |
| Vos | extraviarías | You would misplace |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will misplace” or “they will misplace”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a extraviar” means “They are going to misplace”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extraviaré | I will misplace |
| Tú | extraviarás | You will misplace |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraviará | He / she / you will misplace |
| Nosotros / as | extraviaremos | We will misplace |
| Vosotros / as | extraviaréis | You will misplace |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraviarán | They / you will misplace |
| Vos | extraviarás | You will misplace |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extravíe |
| Tú | extravíes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extravíe |
| Nosotros / as | extraviemos |
| Vosotros / as | extraviéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extravíen |
| Vos | extravíes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extraviara | extraviase |
| Tú | extraviaras | extraviase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraviara | extraviase |
| Nosotros / as | extraviáramos | extraviásemos |
| Vosotros / as | extraviarais | extraviaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraviaran | extraviasen |
| Vos | extraviaras | extraviase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extraviare |
| Tú | extraviares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraviare |
| Nosotros / as | extraviáremos |
| Vosotros / as | extraviareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraviaren |
| Vos | extraviares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “misplace!” and “don’t misplace!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | extravía | no extravíes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extravíe | no extravíe |
| Nosotros / as | extraviemos | no extraviemos |
| Vosotros / as | extraviad | no extraviéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extravíen | no extravíen |
| Vos | extraviá | no extravíes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya extraviado |
| Tú | hayas extraviado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya extraviado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos extraviado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis extraviado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan extraviado |
| Vos | hayas extraviado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera extraviado / hubiese extraviado |
| Tú | hubieras extraviado / hubieses extraviado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera extraviado / hubiese extraviado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos extraviado / hubiésemos extraviado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais extraviado / hubieseis extraviado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran extraviado / hubiesen extraviado |
| Vos | hubieras extraviado / hubieses extraviado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere extraviado |
| Tú | hubieres extraviado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere extraviado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos extraviado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis extraviado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren extraviado |
| Vos | hubieres extraviado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté extraviando |
| Tú | estés extraviando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté extraviando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos extraviando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis extraviando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén extraviando |
| Vos | estés extraviando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera extraviando / estuviese extraviando |
| Tú | estuvieras extraviando / estuvieses extraviando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera extraviando / estuviese extraviando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos extraviando / estuviésamos extraviando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais extraviando / estuvieseis extraviando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera extraviando / estuviese extraviando |
| Vos | estuvieras extraviando / estuvieses extraviando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere extraviando |
| Tú | estuvieres extraviando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere extraviando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos extraviando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis extraviando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere extraviando |
| Vos | estuvieres extraviando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos extraviás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos extraviaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos extraviabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos extraviarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos extraviarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos extravíes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos extraviaras / Vos extraviase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos extraviá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no extravíes |