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Finalizar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to finish, conclude”.
Below are all of the conjugations for finalizar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to finish, conclude |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | finalizar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está finalizando) and past continuous (estaba finalizando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. finished).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he finished and hubiera finished. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have finishing).
| Gerundio / Gerund | finalizando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | finished |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I finish” or “they finish”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | finalizo |
| Tú | finalizas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | finaliza |
| Nosotros / as | finalizamos |
| Vosotros / as | finalizáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | finalizan |
| Vos | finalizás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I finish” or “she finish” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | finalicé | I finish |
| Tú | finalizaste | You finish |
| Él / Ella / Usted | finalizó | He / she / you finish |
| Nosotros / as | finalizamos | We finish |
| Vosotros / as | finalizasteis | You finish |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | finalizaron | They / you finish |
| Vos | finalizaste | You finish |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was finished” or “she was finished” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | finalizaba | I was finished |
| Tú | finalizabas | You were finished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | finalizaba | He was / she was / you were finished |
| Nosotros / as | finalizábamos | We were finished |
| Vosotros / as | finalizabais | You were finished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | finalizaban | They / you were finished |
| Vos | finalizabas | You were finished |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have finishing” and “she has finishing”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he finished | I have finishing |
| Tú | has finished | You have finishing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha finished | He has / she has / you have finishing |
| Nosotros / as | hemos finished | We have finishing |
| Vosotros / as | habéis finished | You have finishing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han finished | They / you have finishing |
| Vos | has finished | You have finishing |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would finish” or “she would finish”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | finalizaría | I would finish |
| Tú | finalizarías | You would finish |
| Él / Ella / Usted | finalizaría | He / she / you would finish |
| Nosotros / as | finalizaríamos | We would finish |
| Vosotros / as | finalizaríais | You would finish |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | finalizarían | They / you would finish |
| Vos | finalizarías | You would finish |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will finish” or “they will finish”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a finalizar” means “They are going to finish”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | finalizaré | I will finish |
| Tú | finalizarás | You will finish |
| Él / Ella / Usted | finalizará | He / she / you will finish |
| Nosotros / as | finalizaremos | We will finish |
| Vosotros / as | finalizaréis | You will finish |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | finalizarán | They / you will finish |
| Vos | finalizarás | You will finish |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | finalice |
| Tú | finalices |
| Él / Ella / Usted | finalice |
| Nosotros / as | finalicemos |
| Vosotros / as | finalicéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | finalicen |
| Vos | finalices |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | finalizara | finalizase |
| Tú | finalizaras | finalizase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | finalizara | finalizase |
| Nosotros / as | finalizáramos | finalizásemos |
| Vosotros / as | finalizarais | finalizaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | finalizaran | finalizasen |
| Vos | finalizaras | finalizase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | finalizare |
| Tú | finalizares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | finalizare |
| Nosotros / as | finalizáremos |
| Vosotros / as | finalizareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | finalizaren |
| Vos | finalizares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “finish!” and “don’t finish!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | finaliza | no finalices |
| Él / Ella / Usted | finalice | no finalice |
| Nosotros / as | finalicemos | no finalicemos |
| Vosotros / as | finalizad | no finalicéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | finalicen | no finalicen |
| Vos | finalizá | no finalices |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya finished |
| Tú | hayas finished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya finished |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos finished |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis finished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan finished |
| Vos | hayas finished |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera finished / hubiese finished |
| Tú | hubieras finished / hubieses finished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera finished / hubiese finished |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos finished / hubiésemos finished |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais finished / hubieseis finished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran finished / hubiesen finished |
| Vos | hubieras finished / hubieses finished |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere finished |
| Tú | hubieres finished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere finished |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos finished |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis finished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren finished |
| Vos | hubieres finished |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté finalizando |
| Tú | estés finalizando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté finalizando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos finalizando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis finalizando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén finalizando |
| Vos | estés finalizando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera finalizando / estuviese finalizando |
| Tú | estuvieras finalizando / estuvieses finalizando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera finalizando / estuviese finalizando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos finalizando / estuviésamos finalizando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais finalizando / estuvieseis finalizando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera finalizando / estuviese finalizando |
| Vos | estuvieras finalizando / estuvieses finalizando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere finalizando |
| Tú | estuvieres finalizando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere finalizando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos finalizando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis finalizando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere finalizando |
| Vos | estuvieres finalizando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos finalizás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos finalizaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos finalizabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos finalizarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos finalizarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos finalices |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos finalizaras / Vos finalizase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos finalizá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no finalices |