Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Menu
Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Gesticular is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to gesture, grimace”.
Below are all of the conjugations for gesticular in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to gesture, grimace |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | gesticular |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está gesticulando) and past continuous (estaba gesticulando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. gestured).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he gestured and hubiera gestured. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have gesturing).
| Gerundio / Gerund | gesticulando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | gestured |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I gesture” or “they gesture”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gesticulo |
| Tú | gesticulas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gesticula |
| Nosotros / as | gesticulamos |
| Vosotros / as | gesticuláis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gesticulan |
| Vos | gesticulás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I gesture” or “she gesture” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gesticulé | I gesture |
| Tú | gesticulaste | You gesture |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gesticuló | He / she / you gesture |
| Nosotros / as | gesticulamos | We gesture |
| Vosotros / as | gesticulasteis | You gesture |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gesticularon | They / you gesture |
| Vos | gesticulaste | You gesture |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was gestured” or “she was gestured” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gesticulaba | I was gestured |
| Tú | gesticulabas | You were gestured |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gesticulaba | He was / she was / you were gestured |
| Nosotros / as | gesticulábamos | We were gestured |
| Vosotros / as | gesticulabais | You were gestured |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gesticulaban | They / you were gestured |
| Vos | gesticulabas | You were gestured |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have gesturing” and “she has gesturing”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he gestured | I have gesturing |
| Tú | has gestured | You have gesturing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha gestured | He has / she has / you have gesturing |
| Nosotros / as | hemos gestured | We have gesturing |
| Vosotros / as | habéis gestured | You have gesturing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han gestured | They / you have gesturing |
| Vos | has gestured | You have gesturing |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would gesture” or “she would gesture”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gesticularía | I would gesture |
| Tú | gesticularías | You would gesture |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gesticularía | He / she / you would gesture |
| Nosotros / as | gesticularíamos | We would gesture |
| Vosotros / as | gesticularíais | You would gesture |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gesticularían | They / you would gesture |
| Vos | gesticularías | You would gesture |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will gesture” or “they will gesture”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a gesticular” means “They are going to gesture”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gesticularé | I will gesture |
| Tú | gesticularás | You will gesture |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gesticulará | He / she / you will gesture |
| Nosotros / as | gesticularemos | We will gesture |
| Vosotros / as | gesticularéis | You will gesture |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gesticularán | They / you will gesture |
| Vos | gesticularás | You will gesture |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gesticule |
| Tú | gesticules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gesticule |
| Nosotros / as | gesticulemos |
| Vosotros / as | gesticuléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gesticulen |
| Vos | gesticules |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gesticulara | gesticulase |
| Tú | gesticularas | gesticulase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gesticulara | gesticulase |
| Nosotros / as | gesticuláramos | gesticulásemos |
| Vosotros / as | gesticularais | gesticulaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gesticularan | gesticulasen |
| Vos | gesticularas | gesticulase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gesticulare |
| Tú | gesticulares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gesticulare |
| Nosotros / as | gesticuláremos |
| Vosotros / as | gesticulareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gesticularen |
| Vos | gesticulares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “gesture!” and “don’t gesture!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | gesticula | no gesticules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gesticule | no gesticule |
| Nosotros / as | gesticulemos | no gesticulemos |
| Vosotros / as | gesticulad | no gesticuléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gesticulen | no gesticulen |
| Vos | gesticulá | no gesticules |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya gestured |
| Tú | hayas gestured |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya gestured |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos gestured |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis gestured |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan gestured |
| Vos | hayas gestured |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera gestured / hubiese gestured |
| Tú | hubieras gestured / hubieses gestured |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera gestured / hubiese gestured |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos gestured / hubiésemos gestured |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais gestured / hubieseis gestured |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran gestured / hubiesen gestured |
| Vos | hubieras gestured / hubieses gestured |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere gestured |
| Tú | hubieres gestured |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere gestured |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos gestured |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis gestured |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren gestured |
| Vos | hubieres gestured |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté gesticulando |
| Tú | estés gesticulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté gesticulando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos gesticulando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis gesticulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén gesticulando |
| Vos | estés gesticulando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera gesticulando / estuviese gesticulando |
| Tú | estuvieras gesticulando / estuvieses gesticulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera gesticulando / estuviese gesticulando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos gesticulando / estuviésamos gesticulando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais gesticulando / estuvieseis gesticulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera gesticulando / estuviese gesticulando |
| Vos | estuvieras gesticulando / estuvieses gesticulando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere gesticulando |
| Tú | estuvieres gesticulando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere gesticulando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos gesticulando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis gesticulando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere gesticulando |
| Vos | estuvieres gesticulando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos gesticulás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos gesticulaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos gesticulabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos gesticularías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos gesticularás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos gesticules |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos gesticularas / Vos gesticulase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos gesticulá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no gesticules |