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Gritar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to shout, yell, scream”.
Below are all of the conjugations for gritar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to shout, yell, scream |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | gritar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está gritando) and past continuous (estaba gritando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. shouted).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he shouted and hubiera shouted. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have shouting).
| Gerundio / Gerund | gritando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | shouted |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I shout” or “they shout”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | grito |
| Tú | gritas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | grita |
| Nosotros / as | gritamos |
| Vosotros / as | gritáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gritan |
| Vos | gritás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I shout” or “she shout” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | grité | I shout |
| Tú | gritaste | You shout |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gritó | He / she / you shout |
| Nosotros / as | gritamos | We shout |
| Vosotros / as | gritasteis | You shout |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gritaron | They / you shout |
| Vos | gritaste | You shout |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was shouted” or “she was shouted” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gritaba | I was shouted |
| Tú | gritabas | You were shouted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gritaba | He was / she was / you were shouted |
| Nosotros / as | gritábamos | We were shouted |
| Vosotros / as | gritabais | You were shouted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gritaban | They / you were shouted |
| Vos | gritabas | You were shouted |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have shouting” and “she has shouting”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he shouted | I have shouting |
| Tú | has shouted | You have shouting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha shouted | He has / she has / you have shouting |
| Nosotros / as | hemos shouted | We have shouting |
| Vosotros / as | habéis shouted | You have shouting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han shouted | They / you have shouting |
| Vos | has shouted | You have shouting |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would shout” or “she would shout”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gritaría | I would shout |
| Tú | gritarías | You would shout |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gritaría | He / she / you would shout |
| Nosotros / as | gritaríamos | We would shout |
| Vosotros / as | gritaríais | You would shout |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gritarían | They / you would shout |
| Vos | gritarías | You would shout |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will shout” or “they will shout”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a gritar” means “They are going to shout”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gritaré | I will shout |
| Tú | gritarás | You will shout |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gritará | He / she / you will shout |
| Nosotros / as | gritaremos | We will shout |
| Vosotros / as | gritaréis | You will shout |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gritarán | They / you will shout |
| Vos | gritarás | You will shout |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | grite |
| Tú | grites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | grite |
| Nosotros / as | gritemos |
| Vosotros / as | gritéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | griten |
| Vos | grites |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gritara | gritase |
| Tú | gritaras | gritase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gritara | gritase |
| Nosotros / as | gritáramos | gritásemos |
| Vosotros / as | gritarais | gritaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gritaran | gritasen |
| Vos | gritaras | gritase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gritare |
| Tú | gritares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gritare |
| Nosotros / as | gritáremos |
| Vosotros / as | gritareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gritaren |
| Vos | gritares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “shout!” and “don’t shout!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | grita | no grites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | grite | no grite |
| Nosotros / as | gritemos | no gritemos |
| Vosotros / as | gritad | no gritéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | griten | no griten |
| Vos | gritá | no grites |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya shouted |
| Tú | hayas shouted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya shouted |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos shouted |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis shouted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan shouted |
| Vos | hayas shouted |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera shouted / hubiese shouted |
| Tú | hubieras shouted / hubieses shouted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera shouted / hubiese shouted |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos shouted / hubiésemos shouted |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais shouted / hubieseis shouted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran shouted / hubiesen shouted |
| Vos | hubieras shouted / hubieses shouted |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere shouted |
| Tú | hubieres shouted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere shouted |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos shouted |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis shouted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren shouted |
| Vos | hubieres shouted |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté gritando |
| Tú | estés gritando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté gritando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos gritando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis gritando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén gritando |
| Vos | estés gritando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera gritando / estuviese gritando |
| Tú | estuvieras gritando / estuvieses gritando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera gritando / estuviese gritando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos gritando / estuviésamos gritando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais gritando / estuvieseis gritando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera gritando / estuviese gritando |
| Vos | estuvieras gritando / estuvieses gritando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere gritando |
| Tú | estuvieres gritando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere gritando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos gritando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis gritando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere gritando |
| Vos | estuvieres gritando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos gritás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos gritaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos gritabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos gritarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos gritarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos grites |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos gritaras / Vos gritase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos gritá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no grites |