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Gruñir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to grunt, growl”.
Below are all of the conjugations for gruñir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to grunt, growl |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | gruñir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está gruñiendo) and past continuous (estaba gruñiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. grunted).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he grunted and hubiera grunted. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have grunting).
| Gerundio / Gerund | gruñiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | grunted |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I grunt” or “they grunt”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gruño |
| Tú | gruñes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gruñe |
| Nosotros / as | gruñimos |
| Vosotros / as | gruñís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gruñen |
| Vos | gruñís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I grunt” or “she grunt” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gruñí | I grunt |
| Tú | gruñiste | You grunt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gruñió | He / she / you grunt |
| Nosotros / as | gruñimos | We grunt |
| Vosotros / as | gruñisteis | You grunt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gruñieron | They / you grunt |
| Vos | gruñiste | You grunt |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was grunted” or “she was grunted” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gruñía | I was grunted |
| Tú | gruñías | You were grunted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gruñía | He was / she was / you were grunted |
| Nosotros / as | gruñíamos | We were grunted |
| Vosotros / as | gruñíais | You were grunted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gruñían | They / you were grunted |
| Vos | gruñías | You were grunted |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have grunting” and “she has grunting”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he grunted | I have grunting |
| Tú | has grunted | You have grunting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha grunted | He has / she has / you have grunting |
| Nosotros / as | hemos grunted | We have grunting |
| Vosotros / as | habéis grunted | You have grunting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han grunted | They / you have grunting |
| Vos | has grunted | You have grunting |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would grunt” or “she would grunt”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gruñiría | I would grunt |
| Tú | gruñirías | You would grunt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gruñiría | He / she / you would grunt |
| Nosotros / as | gruñiríamos | We would grunt |
| Vosotros / as | gruñiríais | You would grunt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gruñirían | They / you would grunt |
| Vos | gruñirías | You would grunt |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will grunt” or “they will grunt”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a gruñir” means “They are going to grunt”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gruñiré | I will grunt |
| Tú | gruñirás | You will grunt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gruñirá | He / she / you will grunt |
| Nosotros / as | gruñiremos | We will grunt |
| Vosotros / as | gruñiréis | You will grunt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gruñirán | They / you will grunt |
| Vos | gruñirás | You will grunt |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gruña |
| Tú | gruñas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gruña |
| Nosotros / as | gruñamos |
| Vosotros / as | gruñáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gruñan |
| Vos | gruñas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gruñiera | gruñiese |
| Tú | gruñieras | gruñiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gruñiera | gruñiese |
| Nosotros / as | gruñiéramos | gruñiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | gruñierais | gruñieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gruñieran | gruñiesen |
| Vos | gruñieras | gruñiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gruñiere |
| Tú | gruñieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gruñiera |
| Nosotros / as | gruñiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | gruñiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gruñieren |
| Vos | gruñieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “grunt!” and “don’t grunt!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | gruñe | no gruñas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gruña | no gruña |
| Nosotros / as | gruñamos | no gruñamos |
| Vosotros / as | gruñid | no gruñáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gruñan | no gruñan |
| Vos | gruñí | no gruñas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya grunted |
| Tú | hayas grunted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya grunted |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos grunted |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis grunted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan grunted |
| Vos | hayas grunted |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera grunted / hubiese grunted |
| Tú | hubieras grunted / hubieses grunted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera grunted / hubiese grunted |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos grunted / hubiésemos grunted |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais grunted / hubieseis grunted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran grunted / hubiesen grunted |
| Vos | hubieras grunted / hubieses grunted |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere grunted |
| Tú | hubieres grunted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere grunted |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos grunted |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis grunted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren grunted |
| Vos | hubieres grunted |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté gruñiendo |
| Tú | estés gruñiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté gruñiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos gruñiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis gruñiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén gruñiendo |
| Vos | estés gruñiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera gruñiendo / estuviese gruñiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras gruñiendo / estuvieses gruñiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera gruñiendo / estuviese gruñiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos gruñiendo / estuviésamos gruñiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais gruñiendo / estuvieseis gruñiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera gruñiendo / estuviese gruñiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras gruñiendo / estuvieses gruñiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere gruñiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres gruñiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere gruñiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos gruñiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis gruñiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere gruñiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres gruñiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos gruñís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos gruñiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos gruñías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos gruñirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos gruñirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos gruñas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos gruñieras / Vos gruñiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos gruñí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no gruñas |