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Hornear is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to bake”.
Below are all of the conjugations for hornear in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to bake |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | hornear |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está horneando) and past continuous (estaba horneando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. baked).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he baked and hubiera baked. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have baking).
| Gerundio / Gerund | horneando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | baked |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I bake” or “they bake”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | horneo |
| Tú | horneas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hornea |
| Nosotros / as | horneamos |
| Vosotros / as | horneáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hornean |
| Vos | horneás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I bake” or “she bake” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | horneé | I bake |
| Tú | horneaste | You bake |
| Él / Ella / Usted | horneó | He / she / you bake |
| Nosotros / as | horneamos | We bake |
| Vosotros / as | horneasteis | You bake |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hornearon | They / you bake |
| Vos | horneaste | You bake |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was baked” or “she was baked” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | horneaba | I was baked |
| Tú | horneabas | You were baked |
| Él / Ella / Usted | horneaba | He was / she was / you were baked |
| Nosotros / as | horneábamos | We were baked |
| Vosotros / as | horneabais | You were baked |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | horneaban | They / you were baked |
| Vos | horneabas | You were baked |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have baking” and “she has baking”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he baked | I have baking |
| Tú | has baked | You have baking |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha baked | He has / she has / you have baking |
| Nosotros / as | hemos baked | We have baking |
| Vosotros / as | habéis baked | You have baking |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han baked | They / you have baking |
| Vos | has baked | You have baking |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would bake” or “she would bake”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hornearía | I would bake |
| Tú | hornearías | You would bake |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hornearía | He / she / you would bake |
| Nosotros / as | hornearíamos | We would bake |
| Vosotros / as | hornearíais | You would bake |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hornearían | They / you would bake |
| Vos | hornearías | You would bake |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will bake” or “they will bake”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a hornear” means “They are going to bake”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hornearé | I will bake |
| Tú | hornearás | You will bake |
| Él / Ella / Usted | horneará | He / she / you will bake |
| Nosotros / as | hornearemos | We will bake |
| Vosotros / as | hornearéis | You will bake |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hornearán | They / you will bake |
| Vos | hornearás | You will bake |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hornee |
| Tú | hornees |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hornee |
| Nosotros / as | horneemos |
| Vosotros / as | horneéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | horneen |
| Vos | hornees |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | horneara | hornease |
| Tú | hornearas | hornease |
| Él / Ella / Usted | horneara | hornease |
| Nosotros / as | horneáramos | horneásemos |
| Vosotros / as | hornearais | horneaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hornearan | horneasen |
| Vos | hornearas | hornease |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | horneare |
| Tú | horneares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | horneare |
| Nosotros / as | horneáremos |
| Vosotros / as | horneareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hornearen |
| Vos | horneares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “bake!” and “don’t bake!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | hornea | no hornees |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hornee | no hornee |
| Nosotros / as | horneemos | no horneemos |
| Vosotros / as | hornead | no horneéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | horneen | no horneen |
| Vos | horneá | no hornees |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya baked |
| Tú | hayas baked |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya baked |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos baked |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis baked |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan baked |
| Vos | hayas baked |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera baked / hubiese baked |
| Tú | hubieras baked / hubieses baked |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera baked / hubiese baked |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos baked / hubiésemos baked |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais baked / hubieseis baked |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran baked / hubiesen baked |
| Vos | hubieras baked / hubieses baked |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere baked |
| Tú | hubieres baked |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere baked |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos baked |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis baked |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren baked |
| Vos | hubieres baked |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté horneando |
| Tú | estés horneando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté horneando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos horneando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis horneando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén horneando |
| Vos | estés horneando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera horneando / estuviese horneando |
| Tú | estuvieras horneando / estuvieses horneando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera horneando / estuviese horneando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos horneando / estuviésamos horneando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais horneando / estuvieseis horneando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera horneando / estuviese horneando |
| Vos | estuvieras horneando / estuvieses horneando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere horneando |
| Tú | estuvieres horneando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere horneando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos horneando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis horneando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere horneando |
| Vos | estuvieres horneando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos horneás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos horneaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos horneabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos hornearías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos hornearás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos hornees |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos hornearas / Vos hornease |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos horneá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no hornees |