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Incitar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to incite”.
Below are all of the conjugations for incitar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to incite |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | incitar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está incitando) and past continuous (estaba incitando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. inciting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he incitado and hubiera incitado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have incited).
| Gerundio / Gerund | incitando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | incitado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I incite” or “they incite”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | incito |
| Tú | incitas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incita |
| Nosotros / as | incitamos |
| Vosotros / as | incitáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incitan |
| Vos | incitás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I incited” or “she incited” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incité | I incited |
| Tú | incitaste | You incited |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incitó | He / she / you incited |
| Nosotros / as | incitamos | We incited |
| Vosotros / as | incitasteis | You incited |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incitaron | They / you incited |
| Vos | incitaste | You incited |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was inciting” or “she was inciting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incitaba | I was inciting |
| Tú | incitabas | You were inciting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incitaba | He was / she was / you were inciting |
| Nosotros / as | incitábamos | We were inciting |
| Vosotros / as | incitabais | You were inciting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incitaban | They / you were inciting |
| Vos | incitabas | You were inciting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have incited” and “she has incited”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he incitado | I have incited |
| Tú | has incitado | You have incited |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha incitado | He has / she has / you have incited |
| Nosotros / as | hemos incitado | We have incited |
| Vosotros / as | habéis incitado | You have incited |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han incitado | They / you have incited |
| Vos | has incitado | You have incited |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would incite” or “she would incite”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incitaría | I would incite |
| Tú | incitarías | You would incite |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incitaría | He / she / you would incite |
| Nosotros / as | incitaríamos | We would incite |
| Vosotros / as | incitaríais | You would incite |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incitarían | They / you would incite |
| Vos | incitarías | You would incite |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will incite” or “they will incite”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a incitar” means “They are going to incite”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incitaré | I will incite |
| Tú | incitarás | You will incite |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incitará | He / she / you will incite |
| Nosotros / as | incitaremos | We will incite |
| Vosotros / as | incitaréis | You will incite |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incitarán | They / you will incite |
| Vos | incitarás | You will incite |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | incite |
| Tú | incites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incite |
| Nosotros / as | incitemos |
| Vosotros / as | incitéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inciten |
| Vos | incites |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incitara | incitase |
| Tú | incitaras | incitase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incitara | incitase |
| Nosotros / as | incitáramos | incitásemos |
| Vosotros / as | incitarais | incitaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incitaran | incitasen |
| Vos | incitaras | incitase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | incitare |
| Tú | incitares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incitare |
| Nosotros / as | incitáremos |
| Vosotros / as | incitareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incitaren |
| Vos | incitares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “incite!” and “don’t incite!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | incita | no incites |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incite | no incite |
| Nosotros / as | incitemos | no incitemos |
| Vosotros / as | incitad | no incitéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inciten | no inciten |
| Vos | incitá | no incites |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya incitado |
| Tú | hayas incitado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya incitado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos incitado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis incitado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan incitado |
| Vos | hayas incitado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera incitado / hubiese incitado |
| Tú | hubieras incitado / hubieses incitado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera incitado / hubiese incitado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos incitado / hubiésemos incitado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais incitado / hubieseis incitado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran incitado / hubiesen incitado |
| Vos | hubieras incitado / hubieses incitado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere incitado |
| Tú | hubieres incitado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere incitado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos incitado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis incitado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren incitado |
| Vos | hubieres incitado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté incitando |
| Tú | estés incitando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté incitando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos incitando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis incitando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén incitando |
| Vos | estés incitando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera incitando / estuviese incitando |
| Tú | estuvieras incitando / estuvieses incitando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera incitando / estuviese incitando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos incitando / estuviésamos incitando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais incitando / estuvieseis incitando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera incitando / estuviese incitando |
| Vos | estuvieras incitando / estuvieses incitando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere incitando |
| Tú | estuvieres incitando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere incitando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos incitando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis incitando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere incitando |
| Vos | estuvieres incitando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos incitás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos incitaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos incitabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos incitarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos incitarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos incites |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos incitaras / Vos incitase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos incitá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no incites |