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Indignar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to infuriate, irritate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for indignar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to infuriate, irritate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | indignar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está indignando) and past continuous (estaba indignando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. infuriating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he indignado and hubiera indignado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have infuriated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | indignando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | indignado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I infuriate” or “they infuriate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | indigno |
| Tú | indignas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indigna |
| Nosotros / as | indignamos |
| Vosotros / as | indignáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indignan |
| Vos | indignás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I infuriated” or “she infuriated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | indigné | I infuriated |
| Tú | indignaste | You infuriated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indignó | He / she / you infuriated |
| Nosotros / as | indignamos | We infuriated |
| Vosotros / as | indignasteis | You infuriated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indignaron | They / you infuriated |
| Vos | indignaste | You infuriated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was infuriating” or “she was infuriating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | indignaba | I was infuriating |
| Tú | indignabas | You were infuriating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indignaba | He was / she was / you were infuriating |
| Nosotros / as | indignábamos | We were infuriating |
| Vosotros / as | indignabais | You were infuriating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indignaban | They / you were infuriating |
| Vos | indignabas | You were infuriating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have infuriated” and “she has infuriated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he indignado | I have infuriated |
| Tú | has indignado | You have infuriated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha indignado | He has / she has / you have infuriated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos indignado | We have infuriated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis indignado | You have infuriated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han indignado | They / you have infuriated |
| Vos | has indignado | You have infuriated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would infuriate” or “she would infuriate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | indignaría | I would infuriate |
| Tú | indignarías | You would infuriate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indignaría | He / she / you would infuriate |
| Nosotros / as | indignaríamos | We would infuriate |
| Vosotros / as | indignaríais | You would infuriate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indignarían | They / you would infuriate |
| Vos | indignarías | You would infuriate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will infuriate” or “they will infuriate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a indignar” means “They are going to infuriate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | indignaré | I will infuriate |
| Tú | indignarás | You will infuriate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indignará | He / she / you will infuriate |
| Nosotros / as | indignaremos | We will infuriate |
| Vosotros / as | indignaréis | You will infuriate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indignarán | They / you will infuriate |
| Vos | indignarás | You will infuriate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | indigne |
| Tú | indignes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indigne |
| Nosotros / as | indignemos |
| Vosotros / as | indignéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indignen |
| Vos | indignes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | indignara | indignase |
| Tú | indignaras | indignase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indignara | indignase |
| Nosotros / as | indignáramos | indignásemos |
| Vosotros / as | indignarais | indignaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indignaran | indignasen |
| Vos | indignaras | indignase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | indignare |
| Tú | indignares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indignare |
| Nosotros / as | indignáremos |
| Vosotros / as | indignareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indignaren |
| Vos | indignares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “infuriate!” and “don’t infuriate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | indigna | no indignes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indigne | no indigne |
| Nosotros / as | indignemos | no indignemos |
| Vosotros / as | indignad | no indignéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indignen | no indignen |
| Vos | indigná | no indignes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya indignado |
| Tú | hayas indignado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya indignado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos indignado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis indignado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan indignado |
| Vos | hayas indignado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera indignado / hubiese indignado |
| Tú | hubieras indignado / hubieses indignado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera indignado / hubiese indignado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos indignado / hubiésemos indignado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais indignado / hubieseis indignado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran indignado / hubiesen indignado |
| Vos | hubieras indignado / hubieses indignado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere indignado |
| Tú | hubieres indignado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere indignado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos indignado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis indignado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren indignado |
| Vos | hubieres indignado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté indignando |
| Tú | estés indignando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté indignando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos indignando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis indignando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén indignando |
| Vos | estés indignando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera indignando / estuviese indignando |
| Tú | estuvieras indignando / estuvieses indignando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera indignando / estuviese indignando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos indignando / estuviésamos indignando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais indignando / estuvieseis indignando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera indignando / estuviese indignando |
| Vos | estuvieras indignando / estuvieses indignando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere indignando |
| Tú | estuvieres indignando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere indignando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos indignando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis indignando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere indignando |
| Vos | estuvieres indignando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos indignás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos indignaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos indignabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos indignarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos indignarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos indignes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos indignaras / Vos indignase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos indigná |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no indignes |