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Inducir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to lead, induce”.
Below are all of the conjugations for inducir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to lead, induce |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | inducir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está induciendo) and past continuous (estaba induciendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. leading).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he inducido and hubiera inducido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have led).
| Gerundio / Gerund | induciendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | inducido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I lead” or “they lead”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | induzco |
| Tú | induces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | induce |
| Nosotros / as | inducimos |
| Vosotros / as | inducís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inducen |
| Vos | inducís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I led” or “she led” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | induje | I led |
| Tú | indujiste | You led |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indujo | He / she / you led |
| Nosotros / as | indujimos | We led |
| Vosotros / as | indujisteis | You led |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indujeron | They / you led |
| Vos | indujiste | You led |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was leading” or “she was leading” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inducía | I was leading |
| Tú | inducías | You were leading |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inducía | He was / she was / you were leading |
| Nosotros / as | inducíamos | We were leading |
| Vosotros / as | inducíais | You were leading |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inducían | They / you were leading |
| Vos | inducías | You were leading |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have led” and “she has led”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he inducido | I have led |
| Tú | has inducido | You have led |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha inducido | He has / she has / you have led |
| Nosotros / as | hemos inducido | We have led |
| Vosotros / as | habéis inducido | You have led |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han inducido | They / you have led |
| Vos | has inducido | You have led |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would lead” or “she would lead”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | induciría | I would lead |
| Tú | inducirías | You would lead |
| Él / Ella / Usted | induciría | He / she / you would lead |
| Nosotros / as | induciríamos | We would lead |
| Vosotros / as | induciríais | You would lead |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inducirían | They / you would lead |
| Vos | inducirías | You would lead |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will lead” or “they will lead”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a inducir” means “They are going to lead”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | induciré | I will lead |
| Tú | inducirás | You will lead |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inducirá | He / she / you will lead |
| Nosotros / as | induciremos | We will lead |
| Vosotros / as | induciréis | You will lead |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inducirán | They / you will lead |
| Vos | inducirás | You will lead |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | induzca |
| Tú | induzcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | induzca |
| Nosotros / as | induzcamos |
| Vosotros / as | induzcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | induzcan |
| Vos | induzcas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | indujera | indujese |
| Tú | indujeras | indujese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indujera | indujese |
| Nosotros / as | indujéramos | indujésemos |
| Vosotros / as | indujerais | indujeseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indujeran | indujesen |
| Vos | indujeras | indujese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | indujere |
| Tú | indujeres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | indujera |
| Nosotros / as | indujéremos |
| Vosotros / as | indujereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | indujeren |
| Vos | indujeres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “lead!” and “don’t lead!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | induce | no induzcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | induzca | no induzca |
| Nosotros / as | induzcamos | no induzcamos |
| Vosotros / as | inducid | no induzcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | induzcan | no induzcan |
| Vos | inducí | no induzcas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya inducido |
| Tú | hayas inducido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya inducido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos inducido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis inducido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan inducido |
| Vos | hayas inducido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera inducido / hubiese inducido |
| Tú | hubieras inducido / hubieses inducido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera inducido / hubiese inducido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos inducido / hubiésemos inducido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais inducido / hubieseis inducido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran inducido / hubiesen inducido |
| Vos | hubieras inducido / hubieses inducido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere inducido |
| Tú | hubieres inducido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere inducido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos inducido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis inducido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren inducido |
| Vos | hubieres inducido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté induciendo |
| Tú | estés induciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté induciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos induciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis induciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén induciendo |
| Vos | estés induciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera induciendo / estuviese induciendo |
| Tú | estuvieras induciendo / estuvieses induciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera induciendo / estuviese induciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos induciendo / estuviésamos induciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais induciendo / estuvieseis induciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera induciendo / estuviese induciendo |
| Vos | estuvieras induciendo / estuvieses induciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere induciendo |
| Tú | estuvieres induciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere induciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos induciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis induciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere induciendo |
| Vos | estuvieres induciendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos inducís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos indujiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos inducías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos inducirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos inducirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos induzcas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos indujeras / Vos indujese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos inducí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no induzcas |