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Infligir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to inflect, condemn”.
Below are all of the conjugations for infligir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to inflect, condemn |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | infligir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está infligiendo) and past continuous (estaba infligiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. inflecting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he infligido and hubiera infligido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have inflected).
| Gerundio / Gerund | infligiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | infligido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I inflect” or “they inflect”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inflijo |
| Tú | infliges |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inflige |
| Nosotros / as | infligimos |
| Vosotros / as | infligís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infligen |
| Vos | infligís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I inflected” or “she inflected” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infligí | I inflected |
| Tú | infligiste | You inflected |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infligió | He / she / you inflected |
| Nosotros / as | infligimos | We inflected |
| Vosotros / as | infligisteis | You inflected |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infligieron | They / you inflected |
| Vos | infligiste | You inflected |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was inflecting” or “she was inflecting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infligía | I was inflecting |
| Tú | infligías | You were inflecting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infligía | He was / she was / you were inflecting |
| Nosotros / as | infligíamos | We were inflecting |
| Vosotros / as | infligíais | You were inflecting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infligían | They / you were inflecting |
| Vos | infligías | You were inflecting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have inflected” and “she has inflected”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he infligido | I have inflected |
| Tú | has infligido | You have inflected |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha infligido | He has / she has / you have inflected |
| Nosotros / as | hemos infligido | We have inflected |
| Vosotros / as | habéis infligido | You have inflected |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han infligido | They / you have inflected |
| Vos | has infligido | You have inflected |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would inflect” or “she would inflect”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infligiría | I would inflect |
| Tú | infligirías | You would inflect |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infligiría | He / she / you would inflect |
| Nosotros / as | infligiríamos | We would inflect |
| Vosotros / as | infligiríais | You would inflect |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infligirían | They / you would inflect |
| Vos | infligirías | You would inflect |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will inflect” or “they will inflect”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a infligir” means “They are going to inflect”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infligiré | I will inflect |
| Tú | infligirás | You will inflect |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infligirá | He / she / you will inflect |
| Nosotros / as | infligiremos | We will inflect |
| Vosotros / as | infligiréis | You will inflect |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infligirán | They / you will inflect |
| Vos | infligirás | You will inflect |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inflija |
| Tú | inflijas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inflija |
| Nosotros / as | inflijamos |
| Vosotros / as | inflijáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inflijan |
| Vos | inflijas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infligiera | infligiese |
| Tú | infligieras | infligiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infligiera | infligiese |
| Nosotros / as | infligiéramos | infligiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | infligierais | infligieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infligieran | infligiesen |
| Vos | infligieras | infligiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | infligiere |
| Tú | infligieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infligiera |
| Nosotros / as | infligiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | infligiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infligieren |
| Vos | infligieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “inflect!” and “don’t inflect!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | inflige | no inflijas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inflija | no inflija |
| Nosotros / as | inflijamos | no inflijamos |
| Vosotros / as | infligid | no inflijáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inflijan | no inflijan |
| Vos | infligí | no inflijas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya infligido |
| Tú | hayas infligido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya infligido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos infligido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis infligido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan infligido |
| Vos | hayas infligido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera infligido / hubiese infligido |
| Tú | hubieras infligido / hubieses infligido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera infligido / hubiese infligido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos infligido / hubiésemos infligido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais infligido / hubieseis infligido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran infligido / hubiesen infligido |
| Vos | hubieras infligido / hubieses infligido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere infligido |
| Tú | hubieres infligido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere infligido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos infligido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis infligido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren infligido |
| Vos | hubieres infligido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté infligiendo |
| Tú | estés infligiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté infligiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos infligiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis infligiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén infligiendo |
| Vos | estés infligiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera infligiendo / estuviese infligiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras infligiendo / estuvieses infligiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera infligiendo / estuviese infligiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos infligiendo / estuviésamos infligiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais infligiendo / estuvieseis infligiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera infligiendo / estuviese infligiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras infligiendo / estuvieses infligiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere infligiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres infligiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere infligiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos infligiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis infligiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere infligiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres infligiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos infligís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos infligiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos infligías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos infligirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos infligirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos inflijas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos infligieras / Vos infligiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos infligí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no inflijas |