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Infundir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to instill, infuse, inspire”.
Below are all of the conjugations for infundir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to instill, infuse, inspire |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | infundir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está infundiendo) and past continuous (estaba infundiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. instilling).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he infundido and hubiera infundido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have instilled).
| Gerundio / Gerund | infundiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | infundido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I instill” or “they instill”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | infundo |
| Tú | infundes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infunde |
| Nosotros / as | infundimos |
| Vosotros / as | infundís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infunden |
| Vos | infundís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I instilled” or “she instilled” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infundí | I instilled |
| Tú | infundiste | You instilled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infundió | He / she / you instilled |
| Nosotros / as | infundimos | We instilled |
| Vosotros / as | infundisteis | You instilled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infundieron | They / you instilled |
| Vos | infundiste | You instilled |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was instilling” or “she was instilling” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infundía | I was instilling |
| Tú | infundías | You were instilling |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infundía | He was / she was / you were instilling |
| Nosotros / as | infundíamos | We were instilling |
| Vosotros / as | infundíais | You were instilling |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infundían | They / you were instilling |
| Vos | infundías | You were instilling |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have instilled” and “she has instilled”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he infundido | I have instilled |
| Tú | has infundido | You have instilled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha infundido | He has / she has / you have instilled |
| Nosotros / as | hemos infundido | We have instilled |
| Vosotros / as | habéis infundido | You have instilled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han infundido | They / you have instilled |
| Vos | has infundido | You have instilled |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would instill” or “she would instill”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infundiría | I would instill |
| Tú | infundirías | You would instill |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infundiría | He / she / you would instill |
| Nosotros / as | infundiríamos | We would instill |
| Vosotros / as | infundiríais | You would instill |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infundirían | They / you would instill |
| Vos | infundirías | You would instill |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will instill” or “they will instill”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a infundir” means “They are going to instill”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infundiré | I will instill |
| Tú | infundirás | You will instill |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infundirá | He / she / you will instill |
| Nosotros / as | infundiremos | We will instill |
| Vosotros / as | infundiréis | You will instill |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infundirán | They / you will instill |
| Vos | infundirás | You will instill |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | infunda |
| Tú | infundas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infunda |
| Nosotros / as | infundamos |
| Vosotros / as | infundáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infundan |
| Vos | infundas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infundiera | infundiese |
| Tú | infundieras | infundiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infundiera | infundiese |
| Nosotros / as | infundiéramos | infundiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | infundierais | infundieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infundieran | infundiesen |
| Vos | infundieras | infundiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | infundiere |
| Tú | infundieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infundiera |
| Nosotros / as | infundiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | infundiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infundieren |
| Vos | infundieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “instill!” and “don’t instill!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | infunde | no infundas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infunda | no infunda |
| Nosotros / as | infundamos | no infundamos |
| Vosotros / as | infundid | no infundáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infundan | no infundan |
| Vos | infundí | no infundas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya infundido |
| Tú | hayas infundido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya infundido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos infundido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis infundido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan infundido |
| Vos | hayas infundido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera infundido / hubiese infundido |
| Tú | hubieras infundido / hubieses infundido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera infundido / hubiese infundido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos infundido / hubiésemos infundido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais infundido / hubieseis infundido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran infundido / hubiesen infundido |
| Vos | hubieras infundido / hubieses infundido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere infundido |
| Tú | hubieres infundido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere infundido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos infundido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis infundido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren infundido |
| Vos | hubieres infundido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté infundiendo |
| Tú | estés infundiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté infundiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos infundiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis infundiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén infundiendo |
| Vos | estés infundiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera infundiendo / estuviese infundiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras infundiendo / estuvieses infundiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera infundiendo / estuviese infundiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos infundiendo / estuviésamos infundiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais infundiendo / estuvieseis infundiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera infundiendo / estuviese infundiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras infundiendo / estuvieses infundiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere infundiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres infundiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere infundiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos infundiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis infundiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere infundiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres infundiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos infundís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos infundiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos infundías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos infundirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos infundirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos infundas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos infundieras / Vos infundiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos infundí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no infundas |