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Invertir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to invest, invert, reverse”.
Below are all of the conjugations for invertir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to invest, invert, reverse |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | invertir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está invirtiendo) and past continuous (estaba invirtiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. investing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he invertido and hubiera invertido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have invested).
| Gerundio / Gerund | invirtiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | invertido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I invest” or “they invest”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | invierto |
| Tú | inviertes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invierte |
| Nosotros / as | invertimos |
| Vosotros / as | invertís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invierten |
| Vos | invertís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I invested” or “she invested” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invertí | I invested |
| Tú | invertiste | You invested |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invirtió | He / she / you invested |
| Nosotros / as | invertimos | We invested |
| Vosotros / as | invertisteis | You invested |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invirtieron | They / you invested |
| Vos | invertiste | You invested |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was investing” or “she was investing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invertía | I was investing |
| Tú | invertías | You were investing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invertía | He was / she was / you were investing |
| Nosotros / as | invertíamos | We were investing |
| Vosotros / as | invertíais | You were investing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invertían | They / you were investing |
| Vos | invertías | You were investing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have invested” and “she has invested”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he invertido | I have invested |
| Tú | has invertido | You have invested |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha invertido | He has / she has / you have invested |
| Nosotros / as | hemos invertido | We have invested |
| Vosotros / as | habéis invertido | You have invested |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han invertido | They / you have invested |
| Vos | has invertido | You have invested |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would invest” or “she would invest”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invertiría | I would invest |
| Tú | invertirías | You would invest |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invertiría | He / she / you would invest |
| Nosotros / as | invertiríamos | We would invest |
| Vosotros / as | invertiríais | You would invest |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invertirían | They / you would invest |
| Vos | invertirías | You would invest |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will invest” or “they will invest”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a invertir” means “They are going to invest”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invertiré | I will invest |
| Tú | invertirás | You will invest |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invertirá | He / she / you will invest |
| Nosotros / as | invertiremos | We will invest |
| Vosotros / as | invertiréis | You will invest |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invertirán | They / you will invest |
| Vos | invertirás | You will invest |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | invierta |
| Tú | inviertas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invierta |
| Nosotros / as | invirtamos |
| Vosotros / as | invirtáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inviertan |
| Vos | inviertas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invirtiera | invirtiese |
| Tú | invirtieras | invirtiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invirtiera | invirtiese |
| Nosotros / as | invirtiéramos | invirtiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | invirtierais | invirtieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invirtieran | invirtiesen |
| Vos | invirtieras | invirtiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | invirtiere |
| Tú | invirtieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invirtiera |
| Nosotros / as | invirtiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | invirtiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invirtieren |
| Vos | invirtieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “invest!” and “don’t invest!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | invierte | no inviertas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invierta | no invierta |
| Nosotros / as | invirtamos | no invirtamos |
| Vosotros / as | invertid | no invirtáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inviertan | no inviertan |
| Vos | invertí | no inviertas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya invertido |
| Tú | hayas invertido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya invertido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos invertido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis invertido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan invertido |
| Vos | hayas invertido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera invertido / hubiese invertido |
| Tú | hubieras invertido / hubieses invertido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera invertido / hubiese invertido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos invertido / hubiésemos invertido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais invertido / hubieseis invertido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran invertido / hubiesen invertido |
| Vos | hubieras invertido / hubieses invertido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere invertido |
| Tú | hubieres invertido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere invertido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos invertido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis invertido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren invertido |
| Vos | hubieres invertido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté invirtiendo |
| Tú | estés invirtiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté invirtiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos invirtiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis invirtiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén invirtiendo |
| Vos | estés invirtiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera invirtiendo / estuviese invirtiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras invirtiendo / estuvieses invirtiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera invirtiendo / estuviese invirtiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos invirtiendo / estuviésamos invirtiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais invirtiendo / estuvieseis invirtiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera invirtiendo / estuviese invirtiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras invirtiendo / estuvieses invirtiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere invirtiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres invirtiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere invirtiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos invirtiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis invirtiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere invirtiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres invirtiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos invertís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos invertiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos invertías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos invertirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos invertirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos inviertas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos invirtieras / Vos invirtiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos invertí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no inviertas |