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Invocar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to invoke, beg for”.
Below are all of the conjugations for invocar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to invoke, beg for |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | invocar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está invocando) and past continuous (estaba invocando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. involing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he invocado and hubiera invocado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have involed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | invocando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | invocado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I invole” or “they invole”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | invoco |
| Tú | invocas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invoca |
| Nosotros / as | invocamos |
| Vosotros / as | invocáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invocan |
| Vos | invocás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I involed” or “she involed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invoqué | I involed |
| Tú | invocaste | You involed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invocó | He / she / you involed |
| Nosotros / as | invocamos | We involed |
| Vosotros / as | invocasteis | You involed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invocaron | They / you involed |
| Vos | invocaste | You involed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was involing” or “she was involing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invocaba | I was involing |
| Tú | invocabas | You were involing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invocaba | He was / she was / you were involing |
| Nosotros / as | invocábamos | We were involing |
| Vosotros / as | invocabais | You were involing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invocaban | They / you were involing |
| Vos | invocabas | You were involing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have involed” and “she has involed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he invocado | I have involed |
| Tú | has invocado | You have involed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha invocado | He has / she has / you have involed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos invocado | We have involed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis invocado | You have involed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han invocado | They / you have involed |
| Vos | has invocado | You have involed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would invole” or “she would invole”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invocaría | I would invole |
| Tú | invocarías | You would invole |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invocaría | He / she / you would invole |
| Nosotros / as | invocaríamos | We would invole |
| Vosotros / as | invocaríais | You would invole |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invocarían | They / you would invole |
| Vos | invocarías | You would invole |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will invole” or “they will invole”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a invocar” means “They are going to invole”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invocaré | I will invole |
| Tú | invocarás | You will invole |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invocará | He / she / you will invole |
| Nosotros / as | invocaremos | We will invole |
| Vosotros / as | invocaréis | You will invole |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invocarán | They / you will invole |
| Vos | invocarás | You will invole |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | invoque |
| Tú | invoques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invoque |
| Nosotros / as | invoquemos |
| Vosotros / as | invoquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invoquen |
| Vos | invoques |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | invocara | invocase |
| Tú | invocaras | invocase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invocara | invocase |
| Nosotros / as | invocáramos | invocásemos |
| Vosotros / as | invocarais | invocaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invocaran | invocasen |
| Vos | invocaras | invocase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | invocare |
| Tú | invocares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invocare |
| Nosotros / as | invocáremos |
| Vosotros / as | invocareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invocaren |
| Vos | invocares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “invole!” and “don’t invole!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | invoca | no invoques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | invoque | no invoque |
| Nosotros / as | invoquemos | no invoquemos |
| Vosotros / as | invocad | no invoquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | invoquen | no invoquen |
| Vos | invocá | no invoques |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya invocado |
| Tú | hayas invocado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya invocado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos invocado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis invocado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan invocado |
| Vos | hayas invocado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera invocado / hubiese invocado |
| Tú | hubieras invocado / hubieses invocado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera invocado / hubiese invocado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos invocado / hubiésemos invocado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais invocado / hubieseis invocado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran invocado / hubiesen invocado |
| Vos | hubieras invocado / hubieses invocado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere invocado |
| Tú | hubieres invocado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere invocado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos invocado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis invocado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren invocado |
| Vos | hubieres invocado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté invocando |
| Tú | estés invocando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté invocando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos invocando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis invocando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén invocando |
| Vos | estés invocando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera invocando / estuviese invocando |
| Tú | estuvieras invocando / estuvieses invocando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera invocando / estuviese invocando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos invocando / estuviésamos invocando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais invocando / estuvieseis invocando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera invocando / estuviese invocando |
| Vos | estuvieras invocando / estuvieses invocando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere invocando |
| Tú | estuvieres invocando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere invocando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos invocando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis invocando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere invocando |
| Vos | estuvieres invocando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos invocás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos invocaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos invocabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos invocarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos invocarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos invoques |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos invocaras / Vos invocase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos invocá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no invoques |