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Libertar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to liberate, rescue”.
Below are all of the conjugations for libertar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to liberate, rescue |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | libertar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está libertando) and past continuous (estaba libertando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. rescuing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he libertado and hubiera libertado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have rescued).
| Gerundio / Gerund | libertando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | libertado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I rescue” or “they rescue”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | liberto |
| Tú | libertas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | liberta |
| Nosotros / as | libertamos |
| Vosotros / as | libertáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | libertan |
| Vos | libertás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I rescued” or “she rescued” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | liberté | I rescued |
| Tú | libertaste | You rescued |
| Él / Ella / Usted | libertó | He / she / you rescued |
| Nosotros / as | libertamos | We rescued |
| Vosotros / as | libertasteis | You rescued |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | libertaron | They / you rescued |
| Vos | libertaste | You rescued |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was rescuing” or “she was rescuing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | libertaba | I was rescuing |
| Tú | libertabas | You were rescuing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | libertaba | He was / she was / you were rescuing |
| Nosotros / as | libertábamos | We were rescuing |
| Vosotros / as | libertabais | You were rescuing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | libertaban | They / you were rescuing |
| Vos | libertabas | You were rescuing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have rescued” and “she has rescued”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he libertado | I have rescued |
| Tú | has libertado | You have rescued |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha libertado | He has / she has / you have rescued |
| Nosotros / as | hemos libertado | We have rescued |
| Vosotros / as | habéis libertado | You have rescued |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han libertado | They / you have rescued |
| Vos | has libertado | You have rescued |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would rescue” or “she would rescue”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | libertaría | I would rescue |
| Tú | libertarías | You would rescue |
| Él / Ella / Usted | libertaría | He / she / you would rescue |
| Nosotros / as | libertaríamos | We would rescue |
| Vosotros / as | libertaríais | You would rescue |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | libertarían | They / you would rescue |
| Vos | libertarías | You would rescue |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will rescue” or “they will rescue”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a libertar” means “They are going to rescue”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | libertaré | I will rescue |
| Tú | libertarás | You will rescue |
| Él / Ella / Usted | libertará | He / she / you will rescue |
| Nosotros / as | libertaremos | We will rescue |
| Vosotros / as | libertaréis | You will rescue |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | libertarán | They / you will rescue |
| Vos | libertarás | You will rescue |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | liberte |
| Tú | libertes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | liberte |
| Nosotros / as | libertemos |
| Vosotros / as | libertéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | liberten |
| Vos | libertes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | libertara | libertase |
| Tú | libertaras | libertase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | libertara | libertase |
| Nosotros / as | libertáramos | libertásemos |
| Vosotros / as | libertarais | libertaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | libertaran | libertasen |
| Vos | libertaras | libertase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | libertare |
| Tú | libertares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | libertare |
| Nosotros / as | libertáremos |
| Vosotros / as | libertareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | libertaren |
| Vos | libertares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “rescue!” and “don’t rescue!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | liberta | no libertes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | liberte | no liberte |
| Nosotros / as | libertemos | no libertemos |
| Vosotros / as | libertad | no libertéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | liberten | no liberten |
| Vos | libertá | no libertes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya libertado |
| Tú | hayas libertado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya libertado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos libertado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis libertado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan libertado |
| Vos | hayas libertado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera libertado / hubiese libertado |
| Tú | hubieras libertado / hubieses libertado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera libertado / hubiese libertado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos libertado / hubiésemos libertado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais libertado / hubieseis libertado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran libertado / hubiesen libertado |
| Vos | hubieras libertado / hubieses libertado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere libertado |
| Tú | hubieres libertado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere libertado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos libertado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis libertado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren libertado |
| Vos | hubieres libertado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté libertando |
| Tú | estés libertando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté libertando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos libertando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis libertando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén libertando |
| Vos | estés libertando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera libertando / estuviese libertando |
| Tú | estuvieras libertando / estuvieses libertando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera libertando / estuviese libertando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos libertando / estuviésamos libertando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais libertando / estuvieseis libertando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera libertando / estuviese libertando |
| Vos | estuvieras libertando / estuvieses libertando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere libertando |
| Tú | estuvieres libertando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere libertando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos libertando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis libertando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere libertando |
| Vos | estuvieres libertando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos libertás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos libertaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos libertabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos libertarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos libertarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos libertes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos libertaras / Vos libertase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos libertá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no libertes |