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Limar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to file”.
Below are all of the conjugations for limar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to file |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | limar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está limando) and past continuous (estaba limando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. filing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he limado and hubiera limado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have filed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | limando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | limado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I file” or “they file”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | limo |
| Tú | limas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lima |
| Nosotros / as | limamos |
| Vosotros / as | limáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | liman |
| Vos | limás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I filed” or “she filed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | limé | I filed |
| Tú | limaste | You filed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | limó | He / she / you filed |
| Nosotros / as | limamos | We filed |
| Vosotros / as | limasteis | You filed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | limaron | They / you filed |
| Vos | limaste | You filed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was filing” or “she was filing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | limaba | I was filing |
| Tú | limabas | You were filing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | limaba | He was / she was / you were filing |
| Nosotros / as | limábamos | We were filing |
| Vosotros / as | limabais | You were filing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | limaban | They / you were filing |
| Vos | limabas | You were filing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have filed” and “she has filed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he limado | I have filed |
| Tú | has limado | You have filed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha limado | He has / she has / you have filed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos limado | We have filed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis limado | You have filed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han limado | They / you have filed |
| Vos | has limado | You have filed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would file” or “she would file”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | limaría | I would file |
| Tú | limarías | You would file |
| Él / Ella / Usted | limaría | He / she / you would file |
| Nosotros / as | limaríamos | We would file |
| Vosotros / as | limaríais | You would file |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | limarían | They / you would file |
| Vos | limarías | You would file |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will file” or “they will file”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a limar” means “They are going to file”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | limaré | I will file |
| Tú | limarás | You will file |
| Él / Ella / Usted | limará | He / she / you will file |
| Nosotros / as | limaremos | We will file |
| Vosotros / as | limaréis | You will file |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | limarán | They / you will file |
| Vos | limarás | You will file |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lime |
| Tú | limes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lime |
| Nosotros / as | limemos |
| Vosotros / as | liméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | limen |
| Vos | limes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | limara | limase |
| Tú | limaras | limase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | limara | limase |
| Nosotros / as | limáramos | limásemos |
| Vosotros / as | limarais | limaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | limaran | limasen |
| Vos | limaras | limase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | limare |
| Tú | limares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | limare |
| Nosotros / as | limáremos |
| Vosotros / as | limareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | limaren |
| Vos | limares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “file!” and “don’t file!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | lima | no limes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lime | no lime |
| Nosotros / as | limemos | no limemos |
| Vosotros / as | limad | no liméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | limen | no limen |
| Vos | limá | no limes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya limado |
| Tú | hayas limado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya limado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos limado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis limado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan limado |
| Vos | hayas limado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera limado / hubiese limado |
| Tú | hubieras limado / hubieses limado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera limado / hubiese limado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos limado / hubiésemos limado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais limado / hubieseis limado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran limado / hubiesen limado |
| Vos | hubieras limado / hubieses limado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere limado |
| Tú | hubieres limado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere limado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos limado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis limado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren limado |
| Vos | hubieres limado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté limando |
| Tú | estés limando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté limando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos limando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis limando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén limando |
| Vos | estés limando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera limando / estuviese limando |
| Tú | estuvieras limando / estuvieses limando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera limando / estuviese limando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos limando / estuviésamos limando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais limando / estuvieseis limando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera limando / estuviese limando |
| Vos | estuvieras limando / estuvieses limando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere limando |
| Tú | estuvieres limando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere limando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos limando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis limando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere limando |
| Vos | estuvieres limando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos limás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos limaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos limabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos limarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos limarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos limes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos limaras / Vos limase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos limá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no limes |