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Lindar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to border on, be next to”.
Below are all of the conjugations for lindar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to border on, be next to |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | lindar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está lindando) and past continuous (estaba lindando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. being next to).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he lindado and hubiera lindado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have been next to).
| Gerundio / Gerund | lindando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | lindado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I am next to” or “they am next to”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lindo |
| Tú | lindas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | linda |
| Nosotros / as | lindamos |
| Vosotros / as | lindáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lindan |
| Vos | lindás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I was next to” or “she was next to” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lindé | I was next to |
| Tú | lindaste | You was next to |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lindó | He / she / you was next to |
| Nosotros / as | lindamos | We was next to |
| Vosotros / as | lindasteis | You was next to |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lindaron | They / you was next to |
| Vos | lindaste | You was next to |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was being next to” or “she was being next to” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lindaba | I was being next to |
| Tú | lindabas | You were being next to |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lindaba | He was / she was / you were being next to |
| Nosotros / as | lindábamos | We were being next to |
| Vosotros / as | lindabais | You were being next to |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lindaban | They / you were being next to |
| Vos | lindabas | You were being next to |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have been next to” and “she has been next to”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he lindado | I have been next to |
| Tú | has lindado | You have been next to |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha lindado | He has / she has / you have been next to |
| Nosotros / as | hemos lindado | We have been next to |
| Vosotros / as | habéis lindado | You have been next to |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han lindado | They / you have been next to |
| Vos | has lindado | You have been next to |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would be next to” or “she would be next to”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lindaría | I would am next to |
| Tú | lindarías | You would am next to |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lindaría | He / she / you would am next to |
| Nosotros / as | lindaríamos | We would am next to |
| Vosotros / as | lindaríais | You would am next to |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lindarían | They / you would am next to |
| Vos | lindarías | You would am next to |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will be next to” or “they will be next to”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a lindar” means “They are going to be next to”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lindaré | I will am next to |
| Tú | lindarás | You will am next to |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lindará | He / she / you will am next to |
| Nosotros / as | lindaremos | We will am next to |
| Vosotros / as | lindaréis | You will am next to |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lindarán | They / you will am next to |
| Vos | lindarás | You will am next to |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | linde |
| Tú | lindes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | linde |
| Nosotros / as | lindemos |
| Vosotros / as | lindéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | linden |
| Vos | lindes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lindara | lindase |
| Tú | lindaras | lindase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lindara | lindase |
| Nosotros / as | lindáramos | lindásemos |
| Vosotros / as | lindarais | lindaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lindaran | lindasen |
| Vos | lindaras | lindase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lindare |
| Tú | lindares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lindare |
| Nosotros / as | lindáremos |
| Vosotros / as | lindareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lindaren |
| Vos | lindares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “be next to!” and “don’t be next to!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | linda | no lindes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | linde | no linde |
| Nosotros / as | lindemos | no lindemos |
| Vosotros / as | lindad | no lindéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | linden | no linden |
| Vos | lindá | no lindes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya lindado |
| Tú | hayas lindado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya lindado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos lindado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis lindado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan lindado |
| Vos | hayas lindado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera lindado / hubiese lindado |
| Tú | hubieras lindado / hubieses lindado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera lindado / hubiese lindado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos lindado / hubiésemos lindado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais lindado / hubieseis lindado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran lindado / hubiesen lindado |
| Vos | hubieras lindado / hubieses lindado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere lindado |
| Tú | hubieres lindado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere lindado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos lindado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis lindado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren lindado |
| Vos | hubieres lindado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté lindando |
| Tú | estés lindando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté lindando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos lindando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis lindando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén lindando |
| Vos | estés lindando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera lindando / estuviese lindando |
| Tú | estuvieras lindando / estuvieses lindando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera lindando / estuviese lindando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos lindando / estuviésamos lindando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais lindando / estuvieseis lindando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera lindando / estuviese lindando |
| Vos | estuvieras lindando / estuvieses lindando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere lindando |
| Tú | estuvieres lindando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere lindando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos lindando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis lindando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere lindando |
| Vos | estuvieres lindando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos lindás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos lindaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos lindabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos lindarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos lindarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos lindes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos lindaras / Vos lindase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos lindá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no lindes |