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Llenar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to fill, fill up”.
Below are all of the conjugations for llenar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to fill, fill up |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | llenar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está llenando) and past continuous (estaba llenando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. filling up).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he llenado and hubiera llenado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have filled up).
| Gerundio / Gerund | llenando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | llenado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I fill up” or “they fill up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lleno |
| Tú | llenas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llena |
| Nosotros / as | llenamos |
| Vosotros / as | llenáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llenan |
| Vos |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I filled up” or “she filled up” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llené | I filled up |
| Tú | llenaste | You filled up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llenó | He / she / you filled up |
| Nosotros / as | llenamos | We filled up |
| Vosotros / as | llenasteis | You filled up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llenaron | They / you filled up |
| Vos | llenaste | You filled up |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was filling up” or “she was filling up” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llenaba | I was filling up |
| Tú | llenabas | You were filling up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llenaba | He was / she was / you were filling up |
| Nosotros / as | llenábamos | We were filling up |
| Vosotros / as | llenabais | You were filling up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llenaban | They / you were filling up |
| Vos | llenabas | You were filling up |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have filled up” and “she has filled up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he llenado | I have filled up |
| Tú | has llenado | You have filled up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha llenado | He has / she has / you have filled up |
| Nosotros / as | hemos llenado | We have filled up |
| Vosotros / as | habéis llenado | You have filled up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han llenado | They / you have filled up |
| Vos | has llenado | You have filled up |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would fill up” or “she would fill up”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llenaría | I would fill up |
| Tú | llenarías | You would fill up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llenaría | He / she / you would fill up |
| Nosotros / as | llenaríamos | We would fill up |
| Vosotros / as | llenaríais | You would fill up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llenarían | They / you would fill up |
| Vos | llenarías | You would fill up |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will fill up” or “they will fill up”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a llenar” means “They are going to fill up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llenaré | I will fill up |
| Tú | llenarás | You will fill up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llenará | He / she / you will fill up |
| Nosotros / as | llenaremos | We will fill up |
| Vosotros / as | llenaréis | You will fill up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llenarán | They / you will fill up |
| Vos | llenarás | You will fill up |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | llene |
| Tú | llenes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llene |
| Nosotros / as | llenemos |
| Vosotros / as | llenéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llenen |
| Vos | llenes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llenara | llenase |
| Tú | llenaras | llenase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llenara | llenase |
| Nosotros / as | llenáramos | llenásemos |
| Vosotros / as | llenarais | llenaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llenaran | llenasen |
| Vos | llenaras | llenase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | llenare |
| Tú | llenares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llenare |
| Nosotros / as | llenáremos |
| Vosotros / as | llenareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llenaren |
| Vos | llenares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “fill up!” and “don’t fill up!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | llena | no llenes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llene | no llene |
| Nosotros / as | llenemos | no llenemos |
| Vosotros / as | llenad | no llenéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llenen | no llenen |
| Vos | no llenes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya llenado |
| Tú | hayas llenado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya llenado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos llenado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis llenado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan llenado |
| Vos | hayas llenado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera llenado / hubiese llenado |
| Tú | hubieras llenado / hubieses llenado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera llenado / hubiese llenado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos llenado / hubiésemos llenado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais llenado / hubieseis llenado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran llenado / hubiesen llenado |
| Vos | hubieras llenado / hubieses llenado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere llenado |
| Tú | hubieres llenado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere llenado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos llenado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis llenado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren llenado |
| Vos | hubieres llenado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté llenando |
| Tú | estés llenando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté llenando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos llenando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis llenando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén llenando |
| Vos | estés llenando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera llenando / estuviese llenando |
| Tú | estuvieras llenando / estuvieses llenando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera llenando / estuviese llenando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos llenando / estuviésamos llenando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais llenando / estuvieseis llenando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera llenando / estuviese llenando |
| Vos | estuvieras llenando / estuvieses llenando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere llenando |
| Tú | estuvieres llenando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere llenando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos llenando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis llenando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere llenando |
| Vos | estuvieres llenando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos llenaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos llenabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos llenarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos llenarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos llenes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos llenaras / Vos llenase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no llenes |