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Maleficiar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to harm, bewitch”.
Below are all of the conjugations for maleficiar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to harm, bewitch |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | maleficiar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está maleficiando) and past continuous (estaba maleficiando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. harming).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he maleficiado and hubiera maleficiado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have harmed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | maleficiando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | maleficiado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I harm” or “they harm”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | maleficio |
| Tú | maleficias |
| Él / Ella / Usted | maleficia |
| Nosotros / as | maleficiamos |
| Vosotros / as | maleficiáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | malefician |
| Vos |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I harmed” or “she harmed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | maleficié | I harmed |
| Tú | maleficiaste | You harmed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | malefició | He / she / you harmed |
| Nosotros / as | maleficiamos | We harmed |
| Vosotros / as | maleficiasteis | You harmed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | maleficiaron | They / you harmed |
| Vos | maleficiaste | You harmed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was harming” or “she was harming” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | maleficiaba | I was harming |
| Tú | maleficiabas | You were harming |
| Él / Ella / Usted | maleficiaba | He was / she was / you were harming |
| Nosotros / as | maleficiábamos | We were harming |
| Vosotros / as | maleficiabais | You were harming |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | maleficiaban | They / you were harming |
| Vos | maleficiabas | You were harming |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have harmed” and “she has harmed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he maleficiado | I have harmed |
| Tú | has maleficiado | You have harmed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha maleficiado | He has / she has / you have harmed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos maleficiado | We have harmed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis maleficiado | You have harmed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han maleficiado | They / you have harmed |
| Vos | has maleficiado | You have harmed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would harm” or “she would harm”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | maleficiaría | I would harm |
| Tú | maleficiarías | You would harm |
| Él / Ella / Usted | maleficiaría | He / she / you would harm |
| Nosotros / as | maleficiaríamos | We would harm |
| Vosotros / as | maleficiaríais | You would harm |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | maleficiarían | They / you would harm |
| Vos | maleficiarías | You would harm |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will harm” or “they will harm”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a maleficiar” means “They are going to harm”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | maleficiaré | I will harm |
| Tú | maleficiarás | You will harm |
| Él / Ella / Usted | maleficiará | He / she / you will harm |
| Nosotros / as | maleficiaremos | We will harm |
| Vosotros / as | maleficiaréis | You will harm |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | maleficiarán | They / you will harm |
| Vos | maleficiarás | You will harm |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | maleficie |
| Tú | maleficies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | maleficie |
| Nosotros / as | maleficiemos |
| Vosotros / as | maleficiéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | maleficien |
| Vos | maleficies |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | maleficiara | maleficiase |
| Tú | maleficiaras | maleficiase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | maleficiara | maleficiase |
| Nosotros / as | maleficiáramos | maleficiásemos |
| Vosotros / as | maleficiarais | maleficiaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | maleficiaran | maleficiasen |
| Vos | maleficiaras | maleficiase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | maleficiare |
| Tú | maleficiares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | maleficiare |
| Nosotros / as | maleficiáremos |
| Vosotros / as | maleficiareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | maleficiaren |
| Vos | maleficiares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “harm!” and “don’t harm!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | maleficia | no maleficies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | maleficie | no maleficie |
| Nosotros / as | maleficiemos | no maleficiemos |
| Vosotros / as | maleficiad | no maleficiéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | maleficien | no maleficien |
| Vos | no maleficies |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya maleficiado |
| Tú | hayas maleficiado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya maleficiado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos maleficiado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis maleficiado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan maleficiado |
| Vos | hayas maleficiado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera maleficiado / hubiese maleficiado |
| Tú | hubieras maleficiado / hubieses maleficiado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera maleficiado / hubiese maleficiado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos maleficiado / hubiésemos maleficiado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais maleficiado / hubieseis maleficiado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran maleficiado / hubiesen maleficiado |
| Vos | hubieras maleficiado / hubieses maleficiado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere maleficiado |
| Tú | hubieres maleficiado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere maleficiado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos maleficiado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis maleficiado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren maleficiado |
| Vos | hubieres maleficiado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté maleficiando |
| Tú | estés maleficiando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté maleficiando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos maleficiando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis maleficiando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén maleficiando |
| Vos | estés maleficiando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera maleficiando / estuviese maleficiando |
| Tú | estuvieras maleficiando / estuvieses maleficiando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera maleficiando / estuviese maleficiando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos maleficiando / estuviésamos maleficiando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais maleficiando / estuvieseis maleficiando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera maleficiando / estuviese maleficiando |
| Vos | estuvieras maleficiando / estuvieses maleficiando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere maleficiando |
| Tú | estuvieres maleficiando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere maleficiando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos maleficiando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis maleficiando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere maleficiando |
| Vos | estuvieres maleficiando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos maleficiaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos maleficiabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos maleficiarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos maleficiarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos maleficies |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos maleficiaras / Vos maleficiase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no maleficies |