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Murmurar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to murmur, whisper”.
Below are all of the conjugations for murmurar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to murmur, whisper |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | murmurar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está murmurando) and past continuous (estaba murmurando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. whispering).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he murmurado and hubiera murmurado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have whispered).
| Gerundio / Gerund | murmurando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | murmurado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I whisper” or “they whisper”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | murmuro |
| Tú | murmuras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | murmura |
| Nosotros / as | murmuramos |
| Vosotros / as | murmuráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | murmuran |
| Vos |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I whispered” or “she whispered” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | murmuré | I whispered |
| Tú | murmuraste | You whispered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | murmuró | He / she / you whispered |
| Nosotros / as | murmuramos | We whispered |
| Vosotros / as | murmurasteis | You whispered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | murmuraron | They / you whispered |
| Vos | murmuraste | You whispered |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was whispering” or “she was whispering” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | murmuraba | I was whispering |
| Tú | murmurabas | You were whispering |
| Él / Ella / Usted | murmuraba | He was / she was / you were whispering |
| Nosotros / as | murmurábamos | We were whispering |
| Vosotros / as | murmurabais | You were whispering |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | murmuraban | They / you were whispering |
| Vos | murmurabas | You were whispering |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have whispered” and “she has whispered”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he murmurado | I have whispered |
| Tú | has murmurado | You have whispered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha murmurado | He has / she has / you have whispered |
| Nosotros / as | hemos murmurado | We have whispered |
| Vosotros / as | habéis murmurado | You have whispered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han murmurado | They / you have whispered |
| Vos | has murmurado | You have whispered |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would whisper” or “she would whisper”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | murmuraría | I would whisper |
| Tú | murmurarías | You would whisper |
| Él / Ella / Usted | murmuraría | He / she / you would whisper |
| Nosotros / as | murmuraríamos | We would whisper |
| Vosotros / as | murmuraríais | You would whisper |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | murmurarían | They / you would whisper |
| Vos | murmurarías | You would whisper |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will whisper” or “they will whisper”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a murmurar” means “They are going to whisper”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | murmuraré | I will whisper |
| Tú | murmurarás | You will whisper |
| Él / Ella / Usted | murmurará | He / she / you will whisper |
| Nosotros / as | murmuraremos | We will whisper |
| Vosotros / as | murmuraréis | You will whisper |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | murmurarán | They / you will whisper |
| Vos | murmurarás | You will whisper |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | murmure |
| Tú | murmures |
| Él / Ella / Usted | murmure |
| Nosotros / as | murmuremos |
| Vosotros / as | murmuréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | murmuren |
| Vos | murmures |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | murmurara | murmurase |
| Tú | murmuraras | murmurase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | murmurara | murmurase |
| Nosotros / as | murmuráramos | murmurásemos |
| Vosotros / as | murmurarais | murmuraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | murmuraran | murmurasen |
| Vos | murmuraras | murmurase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | murmurare |
| Tú | murmurares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | murmurare |
| Nosotros / as | murmuráremos |
| Vosotros / as | murmurareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | murmuraren |
| Vos | murmurares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “whisper!” and “don’t whisper!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | murmura | no murmures |
| Él / Ella / Usted | murmure | no murmure |
| Nosotros / as | murmuremos | no murmuremos |
| Vosotros / as | murmurad | no murmuréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | murmuren | no murmuren |
| Vos | no murmures |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya murmurado |
| Tú | hayas murmurado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya murmurado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos murmurado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis murmurado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan murmurado |
| Vos | hayas murmurado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera murmurado / hubiese murmurado |
| Tú | hubieras murmurado / hubieses murmurado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera murmurado / hubiese murmurado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos murmurado / hubiésemos murmurado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais murmurado / hubieseis murmurado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran murmurado / hubiesen murmurado |
| Vos | hubieras murmurado / hubieses murmurado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere murmurado |
| Tú | hubieres murmurado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere murmurado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos murmurado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis murmurado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren murmurado |
| Vos | hubieres murmurado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté murmurando |
| Tú | estés murmurando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté murmurando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos murmurando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis murmurando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén murmurando |
| Vos | estés murmurando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera murmurando / estuviese murmurando |
| Tú | estuvieras murmurando / estuvieses murmurando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera murmurando / estuviese murmurando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos murmurando / estuviésamos murmurando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais murmurando / estuvieseis murmurando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera murmurando / estuviese murmurando |
| Vos | estuvieras murmurando / estuvieses murmurando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere murmurando |
| Tú | estuvieres murmurando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere murmurando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos murmurando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis murmurando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere murmurando |
| Vos | estuvieres murmurando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos murmuraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos murmurabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos murmurarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos murmurarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos murmures |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos murmuraras / Vos murmurase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no murmures |