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Abstraer is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to abstract”.
Below are all of the conjugations for abstraer in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to abstract |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | abstraer |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está abstrayendo) and past continuous (estaba abstrayendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. abstracting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he abstraído and hubiera abstraído. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have abstracted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | abstrayendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | abstraído |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I abstract” or “they abstract”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abstraigo |
| Tú | abstraes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abstrae |
| Nosotros / as | abstraemos |
| Vosotros / as | abstraéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abstraen |
| Vos | te abstraés |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I abstracted” or “she abstracted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abstraje | I abstracted |
| Tú | abstrajiste | You abstracted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abstrajo | He / she / you abstracted |
| Nosotros / as | abstrajimos | We abstracted |
| Vosotros / as | abstrajisteis | You abstracted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abstrajeron | They / you abstracted |
| Vos | abstrajiste | You abstracted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was abstracting” or “she was abstracting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abstraía | I was abstracting |
| Tú | abstraías | You were abstracting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abstraía | He was / she was / you were abstracting |
| Nosotros / as | abstraíamos | We were abstracting |
| Vosotros / as | abstraíais | You were abstracting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abstraían | They / you were abstracting |
| Vos | abstraías | You were abstracting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have abstracted” and “she has abstracted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he abstraído | I have abstracted |
| Tú | has abstraído | You have abstracted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha abstraído | He has / she has / you have abstracted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos abstraído | We have abstracted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis abstraído | You have abstracted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han abstraído | They / you have abstracted |
| Vos | has abstraído | You have abstracted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would abstract” or “she would abstract”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abstraería | I would abstract |
| Tú | abstraerías | You would abstract |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abstraería | He / she / you would abstract |
| Nosotros / as | abstraeríamos | We would abstract |
| Vosotros / as | abstraeríais | You would abstract |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abstraerían | They / you would abstract |
| Vos | abstraerías | You would abstract |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will abstract” or “they will abstract”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a abstraer” means “They are going to abstract”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abstraeré | I will abstract |
| Tú | abstraerás | You will abstract |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abstraerá | He / she / you will abstract |
| Nosotros / as | abstraeremos | We will abstract |
| Vosotros / as | abstraeréis | You will abstract |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abstraerán | They / you will abstract |
| Vos | abstraerás | You will abstract |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abstraiga |
| Tú | abstraigas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abstraiga |
| Nosotros / as | abstraigamos |
| Vosotros / as | abstraigáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abstraigan |
| Vos | abstraigas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abstrajera | abstrajese |
| Tú | abstrajeras | abstrajese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abstrajera | abstrajese |
| Nosotros / as | abstrajéramos | abstrajésemos |
| Vosotros / as | abstrajerais | abstrajeseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abstrajeran | abstrajesen |
| Vos | abstrajeras | abstrajese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abstrajere |
| Tú | abstrajeres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abstrajere |
| Nosotros / as | abstrajéremos |
| Vosotros / as | abstrajereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abstrajeren |
| Vos | abstrajeres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “abstract!” and “don’t abstract!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | abstrae | no abstraigas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abstraiga | no abstraiga |
| Nosotros / as | abstraigamos | no abstraigamos |
| Vosotros / as | abstraed | no abstraigáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abstraigan | no abstraigan |
| Vos | abstraé | no abstraigas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya abstraído |
| Tú | hayas abstraído |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya abstraído |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos abstraído |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis abstraído |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan abstraído |
| Vos | hayas abstraído |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera abstraído / hubiese abstraído |
| Tú | hubieras abstraído / hubieses abstraído |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera abstraído / hubiese abstraído |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos abstraído / hubiésemos abstraído |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais abstraído / hubieseis abstraído |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran abstraído / hubiesen abstraído |
| Vos | hubieras abstraído / hubieses abstraído |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere abstraído |
| Tú | hubieres abstraído |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere abstraído |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos abstraído |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis abstraído |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren abstraído |
| Vos | hubieres abstraído |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté abstrayendo |
| Tú | estés abstrayendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté abstrayendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos abstrayendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis abstrayendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén abstrayendo |
| Vos | estés abstrayendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera abstrayendo / estuviese abstrayendo |
| Tú | estuvieras abstrayendo / estuvieses abstrayendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera abstrayendo / estuviese abstrayendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos abstrayendo / estuviésamos abstrayendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais abstrayendo / estuvieseis abstrayendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera abstrayendo / estuviese abstrayendo |
| Vos | estuvieras abstrayendo / estuvieses abstrayendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere abstrayendo |
| Tú | estuvieres abstrayendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere abstrayendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos abstrayendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis abstrayendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere abstrayendo |
| Vos | estuvieres abstrayendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos te abstraés |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos abstrajiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos abstraías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos abstraerías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos abstraerás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos abstraigas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos abstrajeras / Vos abstrajese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos abstraé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no abstraigas |