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Acongojarse is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to be anguished or afflicted”.
It’s a reflexive verb, which means the subject performs the action upon themselves – e.g. “I wake myself”.
Reflexive verbs always carry a reflexive pronoun – me, te, se, nos or os – which is often placed before the conjugated verb (e.g. me acongojo) or after the infinitive (e.g. Él tiene que acongojarse).
Below are all of the conjugations for acongojarse in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to be anguished or afflicted |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | acongojarse |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está acongojándose) and past continuous (estaba acongojándose). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. being anguished).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he acongojado and hubiera acongojado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have been anguished).
| Gerundio / Gerund | acongojándose |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | acongojado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I be anguished” or “they be anguished”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me acongojo |
| Tú | te acongojas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se acongoja |
| Nosotros / as | nos acongojamos |
| Vosotros / as | os acongojáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se acongojan |
| Vos | te acongojás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I was anguished” or “she was anguished” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me acongojé | I was anguished |
| Tú | te acongojaste | You was anguished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se acongojó | He / she / you was anguished |
| Nosotros / as | nos acongojamos | We was anguished |
| Vosotros / as | os acongojasteis | You was anguished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se acongojaron | They / you was anguished |
| Vos | te acongojaste | You was anguished |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was being anguished” or “she was being anguished” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me acongojaba | I was being anguished |
| Tú | te acongojabas | You were being anguished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se acongojaba | He was / she was / you were being anguished |
| Nosotros / as | nos acongojábamos | We were being anguished |
| Vosotros / as | os acongojabais | You were being anguished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se acongojaban | They / you were being anguished |
| Vos | te acongojabas | You were being anguished |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have been anguished” and “she has been anguished”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me he acongojado | I have been anguished |
| Tú | te has acongojado | You have been anguished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se ha acongojado | He has / she has / you have been anguished |
| Nosotros / as | nos hemos acongojado | We have been anguished |
| Vosotros / as | os habéis acongojado | You have been anguished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se han acongojado | They / you have been anguished |
| Vos | te has acongojado | You have been anguished |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would be anguished” or “she would be anguished”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me acongojaría | I would be anguished |
| Tú | te acongojarías | You would be anguished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se acongojaría | He / she / you would be anguished |
| Nosotros / as | nos acongojaríamos | We would be anguished |
| Vosotros / as | os acongojaríais | You would be anguished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se acongojarían | They / you would be anguished |
| Vos | te acongojarías | You would be anguished |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will be anguished” or “they will be anguished”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a acongojarse” means “They are going to be anguished”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me acongojaré | I will be anguished |
| Tú | te acongojarás | You will be anguished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se acongojará | He / she / you will be anguished |
| Nosotros / as | nos acongojaremos | We will be anguished |
| Vosotros / as | os acongojaréis | You will be anguished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se acongojarán | They / you will be anguished |
| Vos | te acongojarás | You will be anguished |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me acongoje |
| Tú | te acongojes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se acongoje |
| Nosotros / as | nos acongojemos |
| Vosotros / as | os acongojéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se acongojen |
| Vos | te acongojes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me acongojara | me acongojase |
| Tú | te acongojaras | me acongojase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se acongojara | se acongojase |
| Nosotros / as | nos acongojáramos | nos acongojásemos |
| Vosotros / as | os acongojarais | os acongojaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se acongojaran | se acongojasen |
| Vos | te acongojaras | me acongojase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me acongojare |
| Tú | te acongojares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se acongojare |
| Nosotros / as | nos acongojáremos |
| Vosotros / as | os acongojareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se acongojaren |
| Vos | te acongojares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “be anguished!” and “don’t be anguished!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | acongójate | no te acongojes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acongójese | no se acongoje |
| Nosotros / as | acongojémonos | no nos acongojemos |
| Vosotros / as | acongojaos | no os acongojéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acongójense | no se acongojen |
| Vos | acongojate | no te acongojes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya acongojado |
| Tú | hayas acongojado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya acongojado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos acongojado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis acongojado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan acongojado |
| Vos | hayas acongojado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera acongojado / hubiese acongojado |
| Tú | hubieras acongojado / hubieses acongojado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera acongojado / hubiese acongojado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos acongojado / hubiésemos acongojado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais acongojado / hubieseis acongojado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran acongojado / hubiesen acongojado |
| Vos | hubieras acongojado / hubieses acongojado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere acongojado |
| Tú | hubieres acongojado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere acongojado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos acongojado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis acongojado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren acongojado |
| Vos | hubieres acongojado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté acongojándose |
| Tú | estés acongojándose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté acongojándose |
| Nosotros / as | estemos acongojándose |
| Vosotros / as | estéis acongojándose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén acongojándose |
| Vos | estés acongojándose |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera acongojándose / estuviese acongojándose |
| Tú | estuvieras acongojándose / estuvieses acongojándose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera acongojándose / estuviese acongojándose |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos acongojándose / estuviésamos acongojándose |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais acongojándose / estuvieseis acongojándose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera acongojándose / estuviese acongojándose |
| Vos | estuvieras acongojándose / estuvieses acongojándose |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere acongojándose |
| Tú | estuvieres acongojándose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere acongojándose |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos acongojándose |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis acongojándose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere acongojándose |
| Vos | estuvieres acongojándose |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos te acongojás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos te acongojaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos te acongojabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos te acongojarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos te acongojarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos te acongojes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos te acongojaras / Vos me acongojase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos acongojate |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no te acongojes |