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Agraviar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to wrong, injure”.
Below are all of the conjugations for agraviar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to wrong, injure |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | agraviar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está agraviando) and past continuous (estaba agraviando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. wronging).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he agraviado and hubiera agraviado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have wronged).
| Gerundio / Gerund | agraviando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | agraviado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I wrong” or “they wrong”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | agravio |
| Tú | agravias |
| Él / Ella / Usted | agravia |
| Nosotros / as | agraviamos |
| Vosotros / as | agraviáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | agravian |
| Vos | agravás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I wronged” or “she wronged” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | agravié | I wronged |
| Tú | agraviaste | You wronged |
| Él / Ella / Usted | agravió | He / she / you wronged |
| Nosotros / as | agraviamos | We wronged |
| Vosotros / as | agraviasteis | You wronged |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | agraviaron | They / you wronged |
| Vos | agraviaste | You wronged |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was wronging” or “she was wronging” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | agraviaba | I was wronging |
| Tú | agraviabas | You were wronging |
| Él / Ella / Usted | agraviaba | He was / she was / you were wronging |
| Nosotros / as | agraviábamos | We were wronging |
| Vosotros / as | agraviabais | You were wronging |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | agraviaban | They / you were wronging |
| Vos | agraviabas | You were wronging |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have wronged” and “she has wronged”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he agraviado | I have wronged |
| Tú | has agraviado | You have wronged |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha agraviado | He has / she has / you have wronged |
| Nosotros / as | hemos agraviado | We have wronged |
| Vosotros / as | habéis agraviado | You have wronged |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han agraviado | They / you have wronged |
| Vos | has agraviado | You have wronged |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would wrong” or “she would wrong”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | agraviaría | I would wrong |
| Tú | agraviarías | You would wrong |
| Él / Ella / Usted | agraviaría | He / she / you would wrong |
| Nosotros / as | agraviaríamos | We would wrong |
| Vosotros / as | agraviaríais | You would wrong |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | agraviarían | They / you would wrong |
| Vos | agraviarías | You would wrong |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will wrong” or “they will wrong”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a agraviar” means “They are going to wrong”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | agraviaré | I will wrong |
| Tú | agraviarás | You will wrong |
| Él / Ella / Usted | agraviará | He / she / you will wrong |
| Nosotros / as | agraviaremos | We will wrong |
| Vosotros / as | agraviaréis | You will wrong |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | agraviarán | They / you will wrong |
| Vos | agraviarás | You will wrong |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | agravie |
| Tú | agravies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | agravie |
| Nosotros / as | agraviemos |
| Vosotros / as | agraviéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | agravien |
| Vos | agravies |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | agraviara | agraviase |
| Tú | agraviaras | agraviase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | agraviara | agraviase |
| Nosotros / as | agraviáramos | agraviásemos |
| Vosotros / as | agraviarais | agraviaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | agraviaran | agraviasen |
| Vos | agraviaras | agraviase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | agraviare |
| Tú | agraviares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | agraviare |
| Nosotros / as | agraviáremos |
| Vosotros / as | agraviareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | agraviaren |
| Vos | agraviares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “wrong!” and “don’t wrong!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | agravia | no agravies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | agravie | no agravie |
| Nosotros / as | agraviemos | no agraviemos |
| Vosotros / as | agraviad | no agraviéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | agravien | no agravien |
| Vos | agravá | no agravies |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya agraviado |
| Tú | hayas agraviado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya agraviado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos agraviado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis agraviado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan agraviado |
| Vos | hayas agraviado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera agraviado / hubiese agraviado |
| Tú | hubieras agraviado / hubieses agraviado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera agraviado / hubiese agraviado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos agraviado / hubiésemos agraviado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais agraviado / hubieseis agraviado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran agraviado / hubiesen agraviado |
| Vos | hubieras agraviado / hubieses agraviado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere agraviado |
| Tú | hubieres agraviado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere agraviado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos agraviado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis agraviado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren agraviado |
| Vos | hubieres agraviado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté agraviando |
| Tú | estés agraviando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté agraviando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos agraviando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis agraviando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén agraviando |
| Vos | estés agraviando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera agraviando / estuviese agraviando |
| Tú | estuvieras agraviando / estuvieses agraviando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera agraviando / estuviese agraviando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos agraviando / estuviésamos agraviando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais agraviando / estuvieseis agraviando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera agraviando / estuviese agraviando |
| Vos | estuvieras agraviando / estuvieses agraviando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere agraviando |
| Tú | estuvieres agraviando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere agraviando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos agraviando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis agraviando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere agraviando |
| Vos | estuvieres agraviando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos agravás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos agraviaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos agraviabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos agraviarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos agraviarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos agravies |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos agraviaras / Vos agraviase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos agravá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no agravies |