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Abonar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to pay, stand as security, fertilize”.
Below are all of the conjugations for abonar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to pay, stand as security, fertilize |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | abonar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está abonando) and past continuous (estaba abonando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. paying).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he abonado and hubiera abonado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have paid).
| Gerundio / Gerund | abonando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | abonado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I pay” or “they pay”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abono |
| Tú | abonas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abona |
| Nosotros / as | abonamos |
| Vosotros / as | abonáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abonan |
| Vos | abonás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I paid” or “she paid” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | aboné | I paid |
| Tú | abonaste | You paid |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abonó | He / she / you paid |
| Nosotros / as | abonamos | We paid |
| Vosotros / as | abonasteis | You paid |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abonaron | They / you paid |
| Vos | abonaste | You paid |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was paying” or “she was paying” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abonaba | I was paying |
| Tú | abonabas | You were paying |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abonaba | He was / she was / you were paying |
| Nosotros / as | abonábamos | We were paying |
| Vosotros / as | abonabais | You were paying |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abonaban | They / you were paying |
| Vos | abonabas | You were paying |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have paid” and “she has paid”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he abonado | I have paid |
| Tú | has abonado | You have paid |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha abonado | He has / she has / you have paid |
| Nosotros / as | hemos abonado | We have paid |
| Vosotros / as | habéis abonado | You have paid |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han abonado | They / you have paid |
| Vos | has abonado | You have paid |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would pay” or “she would pay”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abonaría | I would pay |
| Tú | abonarías | You would pay |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abonaría | He / she / you would pay |
| Nosotros / as | abonaríamos | We would pay |
| Vosotros / as | abonaríais | You would pay |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abonarían | They / you would pay |
| Vos | abonarías | You would pay |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will pay” or “they will pay”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a abonar” means “They are going to pay”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abonaré | I will pay |
| Tú | abonarás | You will pay |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abonará | He / she / you will pay |
| Nosotros / as | abonaremos | We will pay |
| Vosotros / as | abonaréis | You will pay |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abonarán | They / you will pay |
| Vos | abonarás | You will pay |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abone |
| Tú | abones |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abone |
| Nosotros / as | abonemos |
| Vosotros / as | abonéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abonen |
| Vos | abones |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abonara | abonase |
| Tú | abonaras | abonase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abonara | abonase |
| Nosotros / as | abonáramos | abonásemos |
| Vosotros / as | abonarais | abonaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abonaran | abonasen |
| Vos | abonaras | abonase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abonare |
| Tú | abonares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abonare |
| Nosotros / as | abonáremos |
| Vosotros / as | abonareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abonaren |
| Vos | abonares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “pay!” and “don’t pay!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | abona | no abones |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abone | no abone |
| Nosotros / as | abonemos | no abonemos |
| Vosotros / as | abonad | no abonéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abonen | no abonen |
| Vos | aboná | no abones |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya abonado |
| Tú | hayas abonado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya abonado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos abonado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis abonado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan abonado |
| Vos | hayas abonado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera abonado / hubiese abonado |
| Tú | hubieras abonado / hubieses abonado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera abonado / hubiese abonado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos abonado / hubiésemos abonado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais abonado / hubieseis abonado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran abonado / hubiesen abonado |
| Vos | hubieras abonado / hubieses abonado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere abonado |
| Tú | hubieres abonado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere abonado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos abonado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis abonado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren abonado |
| Vos | hubieres abonado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté abonando |
| Tú | estés abonando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté abonando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos abonando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis abonando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén abonando |
| Vos | estés abonando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera abonando / estuviese abonando |
| Tú | estuvieras abonando / estuvieses abonando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera abonando / estuviese abonando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos abonando / estuviésamos abonando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais abonando / estuvieseis abonando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera abonando / estuviese abonando |
| Vos | estuvieras abonando / estuvieses abonando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere abonando |
| Tú | estuvieres abonando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere abonando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos abonando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis abonando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere abonando |
| Vos | estuvieres abonando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos abonás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos abonaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos abonabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos abonarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos abonarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos abones |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos abonaras / Vos abonase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos aboná |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no abones |