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Abrigar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to shelter, protect, wrap up”.
Below are all of the conjugations for abrigar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to shelter, protect, wrap up |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | abrigar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está abrigando) and past continuous (estaba abrigando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. sheltering).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he abrigado and hubiera abrigado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have sheltered).
| Gerundio / Gerund | abrigando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | abrigado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I shelter” or “they shelter”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abrigo |
| Tú | abrigas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abriga |
| Nosotros / as | abrigamos |
| Vosotros / as | abrigáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrigan |
| Vos | abrigás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I sheltered” or “she sheltered” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abrigué | I sheltered |
| Tú | abrigaste | You sheltered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrigó | He / she / you sheltered |
| Nosotros / as | abrigamos | We sheltered |
| Vosotros / as | abrigasteis | You sheltered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrigaron | They / you sheltered |
| Vos | abrigaste | You sheltered |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was sheltering” or “she was sheltering” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abrigaba | I was sheltering |
| Tú | abrigabas | You were sheltering |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrigaba | He was / she was / you were sheltering |
| Nosotros / as | abrigábamos | We were sheltering |
| Vosotros / as | abrigabais | You were sheltering |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrigaban | They / you were sheltering |
| Vos | abrigabas | You were sheltering |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have sheltered” and “she has sheltered”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he abrigado | I have sheltered |
| Tú | has abrigado | You have sheltered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha abrigado | He has / she has / you have sheltered |
| Nosotros / as | hemos abrigado | We have sheltered |
| Vosotros / as | habéis abrigado | You have sheltered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han abrigado | They / you have sheltered |
| Vos | has abrigado | You have sheltered |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would shelter” or “she would shelter”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abrigaría | I would shelter |
| Tú | abrigarías | You would shelter |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrigaría | He / she / you would shelter |
| Nosotros / as | abrigaríamos | We would shelter |
| Vosotros / as | abrigaríais | You would shelter |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrigarían | They / you would shelter |
| Vos | abrigarías | You would shelter |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will shelter” or “they will shelter”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a abrigar” means “They are going to shelter”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abrigaré | I will shelter |
| Tú | abrigarás | You will shelter |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrigará | He / she / you will shelter |
| Nosotros / as | abrigaremos | We will shelter |
| Vosotros / as | abrigaréis | You will shelter |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrigarán | They / you will shelter |
| Vos | abrigarás | You will shelter |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abrigue |
| Tú | abrigues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrigue |
| Nosotros / as | abriguemos |
| Vosotros / as | abriguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abriguen |
| Vos | abrigues |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abrigara | abrigase |
| Tú | abrigaras | abrigase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrigara | abrigase |
| Nosotros / as | abrigáramos | abrigásemos |
| Vosotros / as | abrigarais | abrigaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrigaran | abrigasen |
| Vos | abrigaras | abrigase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abrigare |
| Tú | abrigares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrigare |
| Nosotros / as | abrigáremos |
| Vosotros / as | abrigareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrigaren |
| Vos | abrigares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “shelter!” and “don’t shelter!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | abriga | no abrigues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrigue | no abrigue |
| Nosotros / as | abriguemos | no abriguemos |
| Vosotros / as | abrigad | no abriguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abriguen | no abriguen |
| Vos | abrigá | no abrigues |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya abrigado |
| Tú | hayas abrigado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya abrigado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos abrigado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis abrigado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan abrigado |
| Vos | hayas abrigado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera abrigado / hubiese abrigado |
| Tú | hubieras abrigado / hubieses abrigado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera abrigado / hubiese abrigado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos abrigado / hubiésemos abrigado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais abrigado / hubieseis abrigado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran abrigado / hubiesen abrigado |
| Vos | hubieras abrigado / hubieses abrigado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere abrigado |
| Tú | hubieres abrigado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere abrigado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos abrigado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis abrigado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren abrigado |
| Vos | hubieres abrigado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté abrigando |
| Tú | estés abrigando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté abrigando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos abrigando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis abrigando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén abrigando |
| Vos | estés abrigando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera abrigando / estuviese abrigando |
| Tú | estuvieras abrigando / estuvieses abrigando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera abrigando / estuviese abrigando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos abrigando / estuviésamos abrigando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais abrigando / estuvieseis abrigando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera abrigando / estuviese abrigando |
| Vos | estuvieras abrigando / estuvieses abrigando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere abrigando |
| Tú | estuvieres abrigando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere abrigando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos abrigando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis abrigando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere abrigando |
| Vos | estuvieres abrigando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos abrigás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos abrigaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos abrigabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos abrigarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos abrigarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos abrigues |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos abrigaras / Vos abrigase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos abrigá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no abrigues |