Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Menu
Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Abrochar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to button up, fasten, buckle”.
Below are all of the conjugations for abrochar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to button up, fasten, buckle |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | abrochar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está abrochando) and past continuous (estaba abrochando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. buttoning up).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he abrochado and hubiera abrochado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have buttoned up).
| Gerundio / Gerund | abrochando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | abrochado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I button up” or “they button up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abrocho |
| Tú | abrochas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrocha |
| Nosotros / as | abrochamos |
| Vosotros / as | abrocháis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrochan |
| Vos | abrochás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I buttoned up” or “she buttoned up” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abroché | I buttoned up |
| Tú | abrochaste | You buttoned up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrochó | He / she / you buttoned up |
| Nosotros / as | abrochamos | We buttoned up |
| Vosotros / as | abrochasteis | You buttoned up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrocharon | They / you buttoned up |
| Vos | abrochaste | You buttoned up |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was buttoning up” or “she was buttoning up” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abrochaba | I was buttoning up |
| Tú | abrochabas | You were buttoning up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrochaba | He was / she was / you were buttoning up |
| Nosotros / as | abrochábamos | We were buttoning up |
| Vosotros / as | abrochabais | You were buttoning up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrochaban | They / you were buttoning up |
| Vos | abrochabas | You were buttoning up |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have buttoned up” and “she has buttoned up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he abrochado | I have buttoned up |
| Tú | has abrochado | You have buttoned up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha abrochado | He has / she has / you have buttoned up |
| Nosotros / as | hemos abrochado | We have buttoned up |
| Vosotros / as | habéis abrochado | You have buttoned up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han abrochado | They / you have buttoned up |
| Vos | has abrochado | You have buttoned up |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would button up” or “she would button up”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abrocharía | I would button up |
| Tú | abrocharías | You would button up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrocharía | He / she / you would button up |
| Nosotros / as | abrocharíamos | We would button up |
| Vosotros / as | abrocharíais | You would button up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrocharían | They / you would button up |
| Vos | abrocharías | You would button up |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will button up” or “they will button up”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a abrochar” means “They are going to button up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abrocharé | I will button up |
| Tú | abrocharás | You will button up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrochará | He / she / you will button up |
| Nosotros / as | abrocharemos | We will button up |
| Vosotros / as | abrocharéis | You will button up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrocharán | They / you will button up |
| Vos | abrocharás | You will button up |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abroche |
| Tú | abroches |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abroche |
| Nosotros / as | abrochemos |
| Vosotros / as | abrochéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrochen |
| Vos | abroches |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abrochara | abrochase |
| Tú | abrocharas | abrochase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrochara | abrochase |
| Nosotros / as | abrocháramos | abrochásemos |
| Vosotros / as | abrocharais | abrochaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrocharan | abrochasen |
| Vos | abrocharas | abrochase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abrochare |
| Tú | abrochares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abrochare |
| Nosotros / as | abrocháremos |
| Vosotros / as | abrochareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrocharen |
| Vos | abrochares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “button up!” and “don’t button up!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | abrocha | no abroches |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abroche | no abroche |
| Nosotros / as | abrochemos | no abrochemos |
| Vosotros / as | abrochad | no abrochéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abrochen | no abrochen |
| Vos | abrochá | no abroches |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya abrochado |
| Tú | hayas abrochado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya abrochado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos abrochado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis abrochado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan abrochado |
| Vos | hayas abrochado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera abrochado / hubiese abrochado |
| Tú | hubieras abrochado / hubieses abrochado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera abrochado / hubiese abrochado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos abrochado / hubiésemos abrochado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais abrochado / hubieseis abrochado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran abrochado / hubiesen abrochado |
| Vos | hubieras abrochado / hubieses abrochado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere abrochado |
| Tú | hubieres abrochado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere abrochado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos abrochado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis abrochado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren abrochado |
| Vos | hubieres abrochado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté abrochando |
| Tú | estés abrochando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté abrochando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos abrochando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis abrochando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén abrochando |
| Vos | estés abrochando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera abrochando / estuviese abrochando |
| Tú | estuvieras abrochando / estuvieses abrochando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera abrochando / estuviese abrochando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos abrochando / estuviésamos abrochando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais abrochando / estuvieseis abrochando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera abrochando / estuviese abrochando |
| Vos | estuvieras abrochando / estuvieses abrochando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere abrochando |
| Tú | estuvieres abrochando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere abrochando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos abrochando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis abrochando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere abrochando |
| Vos | estuvieres abrochando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos abrochás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos abrochaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos abrochabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos abrocharías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos abrocharás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos abroches |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos abrocharas / Vos abrochase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos abrochá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no abroches |