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Acusar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to accuse”.
Below are all of the conjugations for acusar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to accuse |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | acusar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está acusando) and past continuous (estaba acusando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. accusing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he acusado and hubiera acusado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have accused).
| Gerundio / Gerund | acusando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | acusado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I accuse” or “they accuse”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | acuso |
| Tú | acusas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acusa |
| Nosotros / as | acusamos |
| Vosotros / as | acusáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acusan |
| Vos | acusás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I accused” or “she accused” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | acusé | I accused |
| Tú | acusaste | You accused |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acusó | He / she / you accused |
| Nosotros / as | acusamos | We accused |
| Vosotros / as | acusasteis | You accused |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acusaron | They / you accused |
| Vos | acusaste | You accused |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was accusing” or “she was accusing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | acusaba | I was accusing |
| Tú | acusabas | You were accusing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acusaba | He was / she was / you were accusing |
| Nosotros / as | acusábamos | We were accusing |
| Vosotros / as | acusabais | You were accusing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acusaban | They / you were accusing |
| Vos | acusabas | You were accusing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have accused” and “she has accused”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he acusado | I have accused |
| Tú | has acusado | You have accused |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha acusado | He has / she has / you have accused |
| Nosotros / as | hemos acusado | We have accused |
| Vosotros / as | habéis acusado | You have accused |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han acusado | They / you have accused |
| Vos | has acusado | You have accused |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would accuse” or “she would accuse”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | acusaría | I would accuse |
| Tú | acusarías | You would accuse |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acusaría | He / she / you would accuse |
| Nosotros / as | acusaríamos | We would accuse |
| Vosotros / as | acusaríais | You would accuse |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acusarían | They / you would accuse |
| Vos | acusarías | You would accuse |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will accuse” or “they will accuse”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a acusar” means “They are going to accuse”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | acusaré | I will accuse |
| Tú | acusarás | You will accuse |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acusará | He / she / you will accuse |
| Nosotros / as | acusaremos | We will accuse |
| Vosotros / as | acusaréis | You will accuse |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acusarán | They / you will accuse |
| Vos | acusarás | You will accuse |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | acuse |
| Tú | acuses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acuse |
| Nosotros / as | acusemos |
| Vosotros / as | acuséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acusen |
| Vos | acuses |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | acusara | acusase |
| Tú | acusaras | acusase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acusara | acusase |
| Nosotros / as | acusáramos | acusásemos |
| Vosotros / as | acusarais | acusaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acusaran | acusasen |
| Vos | acusaras | acusase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | acusare |
| Tú | acusares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acusare |
| Nosotros / as | acusáremos |
| Vosotros / as | acusareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acusaren |
| Vos | acusares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “accuse!” and “don’t accuse!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | acusa | no acuses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | acuse | no acuse |
| Nosotros / as | acusemos | no acusemos |
| Vosotros / as | acusad | no acuséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | acusen | no acusen |
| Vos | acusá | no acuses |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya acusado |
| Tú | hayas acusado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya acusado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos acusado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis acusado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan acusado |
| Vos | hayas acusado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera acusado / hubiese acusado |
| Tú | hubieras acusado / hubieses acusado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera acusado / hubiese acusado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos acusado / hubiésemos acusado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais acusado / hubieseis acusado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran acusado / hubiesen acusado |
| Vos | hubieras acusado / hubieses acusado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere acusado |
| Tú | hubieres acusado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere acusado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos acusado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis acusado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren acusado |
| Vos | hubieres acusado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté acusando |
| Tú | estés acusando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté acusando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos acusando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis acusando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén acusando |
| Vos | estés acusando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera acusando / estuviese acusando |
| Tú | estuvieras acusando / estuvieses acusando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera acusando / estuviese acusando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos acusando / estuviésamos acusando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais acusando / estuvieseis acusando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera acusando / estuviese acusando |
| Vos | estuvieras acusando / estuvieses acusando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere acusando |
| Tú | estuvieres acusando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere acusando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos acusando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis acusando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere acusando |
| Vos | estuvieres acusando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos acusás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos acusaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos acusabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos acusarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos acusarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos acuses |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos acusaras / Vos acusase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos acusá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no acuses |