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Adiestrar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to teach, train, guide”.
Below are all of the conjugations for adiestrar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to teach, train, guide |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | adiestrar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está adiestrando) and past continuous (estaba adiestrando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. training).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he adiestrado and hubiera adiestrado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have trained).
| Gerundio / Gerund | adiestrando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | adiestrado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I train” or “they train”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | adiestro |
| Tú | adiestras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | adiestra |
| Nosotros / as | adiestramos |
| Vosotros / as | adiestráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adiestran |
| Vos | adivinás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I trained” or “she trained” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | adiestré | I trained |
| Tú | adiestraste | You trained |
| Él / Ella / Usted | adiestró | He / she / you trained |
| Nosotros / as | adiestramos | We trained |
| Vosotros / as | adiestrasteis | You trained |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adiestraron | They / you trained |
| Vos | adiestraste | You trained |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was training” or “she was training” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | adiestraba | I was training |
| Tú | adiestrabas | You were training |
| Él / Ella / Usted | adiestraba | He was / she was / you were training |
| Nosotros / as | adiestrábamos | We were training |
| Vosotros / as | adiestrabais | You were training |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adiestraban | They / you were training |
| Vos | adiestrabas | You were training |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have trained” and “she has trained”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he adiestrado | I have trained |
| Tú | has adiestrado | You have trained |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha adiestrado | He has / she has / you have trained |
| Nosotros / as | hemos adiestrado | We have trained |
| Vosotros / as | habéis adiestrado | You have trained |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han adiestrado | They / you have trained |
| Vos | has adiestrado | You have trained |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would train” or “she would train”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | adiestraría | I would train |
| Tú | adiestrarías | You would train |
| Él / Ella / Usted | adiestraría | He / she / you would train |
| Nosotros / as | adiestraríamos | We would train |
| Vosotros / as | adiestraríais | You would train |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adiestrarían | They / you would train |
| Vos | adiestrarías | You would train |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will train” or “they will train”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a adiestrar” means “They are going to train”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | adiestraré | I will train |
| Tú | adiestrarás | You will train |
| Él / Ella / Usted | adiestrará | He / she / you will train |
| Nosotros / as | adiestraremos | We will train |
| Vosotros / as | adiestraréis | You will train |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adiestrarán | They / you will train |
| Vos | adiestrarás | You will train |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | adiestre |
| Tú | adiestres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | adiestre |
| Nosotros / as | adiestremos |
| Vosotros / as | adiestréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adiestren |
| Vos | adiestres |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | adiestrara | adiestrase |
| Tú | adiestraras | adiestrase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | adiestrara | adiestrase |
| Nosotros / as | adiestráramos | adiestrásemos |
| Vosotros / as | adiestrarais | adiestraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adiestraran | adiestrasen |
| Vos | adiestraras | adiestrase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | adiestrare |
| Tú | adiestrares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | adiestrare |
| Nosotros / as | adiestráremos |
| Vosotros / as | adiestrareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adiestraren |
| Vos | adiestrares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “train!” and “don’t train!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | adiestra | no adiestres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | adiestre | no adiestre |
| Nosotros / as | adiestremos | no adiestremos |
| Vosotros / as | adiestrad | no adiestréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adiestren | no adiestren |
| Vos | no adiestres |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya adiestrado |
| Tú | hayas adiestrado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya adiestrado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos adiestrado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis adiestrado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan adiestrado |
| Vos | hayas adiestrado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera adiestrado / hubiese adiestrado |
| Tú | hubieras adiestrado / hubieses adiestrado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera adiestrado / hubiese adiestrado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos adiestrado / hubiésemos adiestrado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais adiestrado / hubieseis adiestrado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran adiestrado / hubiesen adiestrado |
| Vos | hubieras adiestrado / hubieses adiestrado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere adiestrado |
| Tú | hubieres adiestrado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere adiestrado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos adiestrado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis adiestrado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren adiestrado |
| Vos | hubieres adiestrado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté adiestrando |
| Tú | estés adiestrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté adiestrando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos adiestrando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis adiestrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén adiestrando |
| Vos | estés adiestrando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera adiestrando / estuviese adiestrando |
| Tú | estuvieras adiestrando / estuvieses adiestrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera adiestrando / estuviese adiestrando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos adiestrando / estuviésamos adiestrando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais adiestrando / estuvieseis adiestrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera adiestrando / estuviese adiestrando |
| Vos | estuvieras adiestrando / estuvieses adiestrando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere adiestrando |
| Tú | estuvieres adiestrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere adiestrando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos adiestrando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis adiestrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere adiestrando |
| Vos | estuvieres adiestrando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos adivinás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos adiestraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos adiestrabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos adiestrarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos adiestrarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos adiestres |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos adiestraras / Vos adiestrase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no adiestres |