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Afectar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to affect, influence”.
Below are all of the conjugations for afectar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to affect, influence |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | afectar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está afectando) and past continuous (estaba afectando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. affecting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he afectado and hubiera afectado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have affected).
| Gerundio / Gerund | afectando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | afectado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I affect” or “they affect”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | afecto |
| Tú | afectas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afecta |
| Nosotros / as | afectamos |
| Vosotros / as | afectáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afectan |
| Vos | te afeitás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I affected” or “she affected” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afecté | I affected |
| Tú | afectaste | You affected |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afectó | He / she / you affected |
| Nosotros / as | afectamos | We affected |
| Vosotros / as | afectasteis | You affected |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afectaron | They / you affected |
| Vos | afectaste | You affected |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was affecting” or “she was affecting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afectaba | I was affecting |
| Tú | afectabas | You were affecting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afectaba | He was / she was / you were affecting |
| Nosotros / as | afectábamos | We were affecting |
| Vosotros / as | afectabais | You were affecting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afectaban | They / you were affecting |
| Vos | afectabas | You were affecting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have affected” and “she has affected”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he afectado | I have affected |
| Tú | has afectado | You have affected |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha afectado | He has / she has / you have affected |
| Nosotros / as | hemos afectado | We have affected |
| Vosotros / as | habéis afectado | You have affected |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han afectado | They / you have affected |
| Vos | has afectado | You have affected |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would affect” or “she would affect”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afectaría | I would affect |
| Tú | afectarías | You would affect |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afectaría | He / she / you would affect |
| Nosotros / as | afectaríamos | We would affect |
| Vosotros / as | afectaríais | You would affect |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afectarían | They / you would affect |
| Vos | afectarías | You would affect |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will affect” or “they will affect”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a afectar” means “They are going to affect”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afectaré | I will affect |
| Tú | afectarás | You will affect |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afectará | He / she / you will affect |
| Nosotros / as | afectaremos | We will affect |
| Vosotros / as | afectaréis | You will affect |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afectarán | They / you will affect |
| Vos | afectarás | You will affect |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | afecte |
| Tú | afectes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afecte |
| Nosotros / as | afectemos |
| Vosotros / as | afectéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afecten |
| Vos | afectes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afectara | afectase |
| Tú | afectaras | afectase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afectara | afectase |
| Nosotros / as | afectáramos | afectásemos |
| Vosotros / as | afectarais | afectaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afectaran | afectasen |
| Vos | afectaras | afectase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | afectare |
| Tú | afectares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afectare |
| Nosotros / as | afectáremos |
| Vosotros / as | afectareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afectaren |
| Vos | afectares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “affect!” and “don’t affect!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | afecta | no afectes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afecte | no afecte |
| Nosotros / as | afectemos | no afectemos |
| Vosotros / as | afectad | no afectéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afecten | no afecten |
| Vos | afectá | no afectes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya afectado |
| Tú | hayas afectado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya afectado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos afectado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis afectado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan afectado |
| Vos | hayas afectado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera afectado / hubiese afectado |
| Tú | hubieras afectado / hubieses afectado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera afectado / hubiese afectado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos afectado / hubiésemos afectado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais afectado / hubieseis afectado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran afectado / hubiesen afectado |
| Vos | hubieras afectado / hubieses afectado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere afectado |
| Tú | hubieres afectado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere afectado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos afectado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis afectado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren afectado |
| Vos | hubieres afectado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté afectando |
| Tú | estés afectando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté afectando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos afectando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis afectando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén afectando |
| Vos | estés afectando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera afectando / estuviese afectando |
| Tú | estuvieras afectando / estuvieses afectando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera afectando / estuviese afectando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos afectando / estuviésamos afectando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais afectando / estuvieseis afectando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera afectando / estuviese afectando |
| Vos | estuvieras afectando / estuvieses afectando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere afectando |
| Tú | estuvieres afectando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere afectando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos afectando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis afectando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere afectando |
| Vos | estuvieres afectando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos te afeitás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos afectaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos afectabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos afectarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos afectarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos afectes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos afectaras / Vos afectase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos afectá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no afectes |