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Afrontar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to confront, face”.
Below are all of the conjugations for afrontar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to confront, face |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | afrontar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está afrontando) and past continuous (estaba afrontando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. confronting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he afrontado and hubiera afrontado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have confronted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | afrontando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | afrontado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I confront” or “they confront”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | afronto |
| Tú | afrontas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afronta |
| Nosotros / as | afrontamos |
| Vosotros / as | afrontáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afrontan |
| Vos | afrontás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I confronted” or “she confronted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afronté | I confronted |
| Tú | afrontaste | You confronted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afrontó | He / she / you confronted |
| Nosotros / as | afrontamos | We confronted |
| Vosotros / as | afrontasteis | You confronted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afrontaron | They / you confronted |
| Vos | afrontaste | You confronted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was confronting” or “she was confronting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afrontaba | I was confronting |
| Tú | afrontabas | You were confronting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afrontaba | He was / she was / you were confronting |
| Nosotros / as | afrontábamos | We were confronting |
| Vosotros / as | afrontabais | You were confronting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afrontaban | They / you were confronting |
| Vos | afrontabas | You were confronting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have confronted” and “she has confronted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he afrontado | I have confronted |
| Tú | has afrontado | You have confronted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha afrontado | He has / she has / you have confronted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos afrontado | We have confronted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis afrontado | You have confronted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han afrontado | They / you have confronted |
| Vos | has afrontado | You have confronted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would confront” or “she would confront”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afrontaría | I would confront |
| Tú | afrontarías | You would confront |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afrontaría | He / she / you would confront |
| Nosotros / as | afrontaríamos | We would confront |
| Vosotros / as | afrontaríais | You would confront |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afrontarían | They / you would confront |
| Vos | afrontarías | You would confront |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will confront” or “they will confront”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a afrontar” means “They are going to confront”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afrontaré | I will confront |
| Tú | afrontarás | You will confront |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afrontará | He / she / you will confront |
| Nosotros / as | afrontaremos | We will confront |
| Vosotros / as | afrontaréis | You will confront |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afrontarán | They / you will confront |
| Vos | afrontarás | You will confront |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | afronte |
| Tú | afrontes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afronte |
| Nosotros / as | afrontemos |
| Vosotros / as | afrontéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afronten |
| Vos | afrontes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | afrontara | afrontase |
| Tú | afrontaras | afrontase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afrontara | afrontase |
| Nosotros / as | afrontáramos | afrontásemos |
| Vosotros / as | afrontarais | afrontaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afrontaran | afrontasen |
| Vos | afrontaras | afrontase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | afrontare |
| Tú | afrontares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afrontare |
| Nosotros / as | afrontáremos |
| Vosotros / as | afrontareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afrontaren |
| Vos | afrontares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “confront!” and “don’t confront!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | afronta | no afrontes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | afronte | no afronte |
| Nosotros / as | afrontemos | no afrontemos |
| Vosotros / as | afrontad | no afrontéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | afronten | no afronten |
| Vos | afrontá | no afrontes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya afrontado |
| Tú | hayas afrontado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya afrontado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos afrontado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis afrontado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan afrontado |
| Vos | hayas afrontado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera afrontado / hubiese afrontado |
| Tú | hubieras afrontado / hubieses afrontado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera afrontado / hubiese afrontado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos afrontado / hubiésemos afrontado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais afrontado / hubieseis afrontado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran afrontado / hubiesen afrontado |
| Vos | hubieras afrontado / hubieses afrontado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere afrontado |
| Tú | hubieres afrontado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere afrontado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos afrontado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis afrontado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren afrontado |
| Vos | hubieres afrontado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté afrontando |
| Tú | estés afrontando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté afrontando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos afrontando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis afrontando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén afrontando |
| Vos | estés afrontando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera afrontando / estuviese afrontando |
| Tú | estuvieras afrontando / estuvieses afrontando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera afrontando / estuviese afrontando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos afrontando / estuviésamos afrontando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais afrontando / estuvieseis afrontando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera afrontando / estuviese afrontando |
| Vos | estuvieras afrontando / estuvieses afrontando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere afrontando |
| Tú | estuvieres afrontando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere afrontando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos afrontando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis afrontando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere afrontando |
| Vos | estuvieres afrontando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos afrontás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos afrontaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos afrontabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos afrontarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos afrontarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos afrontes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos afrontaras / Vos afrontase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos afrontá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no afrontes |