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Ajustar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to adjust, fit”.
Below are all of the conjugations for ajustar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to adjust, fit |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | ajustar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está ajustando) and past continuous (estaba ajustando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. adjusting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he ajustado and hubiera ajustado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have adjusted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | ajustando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | ajustado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I adjust” or “they adjust”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ajusto |
| Tú | ajustas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ajusta |
| Nosotros / as | ajustamos |
| Vosotros / as | ajustáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ajustan |
| Vos | ajustás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I adjusted” or “she adjusted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ajusté | I adjusted |
| Tú | ajustaste | You adjusted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ajustó | He / she / you adjusted |
| Nosotros / as | ajustamos | We adjusted |
| Vosotros / as | ajustasteis | You adjusted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ajustaron | They / you adjusted |
| Vos | ajustaste | You adjusted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was adjusting” or “she was adjusting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ajustaba | I was adjusting |
| Tú | ajustabas | You were adjusting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ajustaba | He was / she was / you were adjusting |
| Nosotros / as | ajustábamos | We were adjusting |
| Vosotros / as | ajustabais | You were adjusting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ajustaban | They / you were adjusting |
| Vos | ajustabas | You were adjusting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have adjusted” and “she has adjusted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he ajustado | I have adjusted |
| Tú | has ajustado | You have adjusted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha ajustado | He has / she has / you have adjusted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos ajustado | We have adjusted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis ajustado | You have adjusted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han ajustado | They / you have adjusted |
| Vos | has ajustado | You have adjusted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would adjust” or “she would adjust”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ajustaría | I would adjust |
| Tú | ajustarías | You would adjust |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ajustaría | He / she / you would adjust |
| Nosotros / as | ajustaríamos | We would adjust |
| Vosotros / as | ajustaríais | You would adjust |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ajustarían | They / you would adjust |
| Vos | ajustarías | You would adjust |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will adjust” or “they will adjust”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a ajustar” means “They are going to adjust”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ajustaré | I will adjust |
| Tú | ajustarás | You will adjust |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ajustará | He / she / you will adjust |
| Nosotros / as | ajustaremos | We will adjust |
| Vosotros / as | ajustaréis | You will adjust |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ajustarán | They / you will adjust |
| Vos | ajustarás | You will adjust |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ajuste |
| Tú | ajustes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ajuste |
| Nosotros / as | ajustemos |
| Vosotros / as | ajustéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ajusten |
| Vos | ajustes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ajustara | ajustase |
| Tú | ajustaras | ajustase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ajustara | ajustase |
| Nosotros / as | ajustáramos | ajustásemos |
| Vosotros / as | ajustarais | ajustaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ajustaran | ajustasen |
| Vos | ajustaras | ajustase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ajustare |
| Tú | ajustares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ajustare |
| Nosotros / as | ajustáremos |
| Vosotros / as | ajustareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ajustaren |
| Vos | ajustares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “adjust!” and “don’t adjust!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | ajusta | no ajustes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ajuste | no ajuste |
| Nosotros / as | ajustemos | no ajustemos |
| Vosotros / as | ajustad | no ajustéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ajusten | no ajusten |
| Vos | ajustá | no ajustes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya ajustado |
| Tú | hayas ajustado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya ajustado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos ajustado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis ajustado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan ajustado |
| Vos | hayas ajustado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera ajustado / hubiese ajustado |
| Tú | hubieras ajustado / hubieses ajustado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera ajustado / hubiese ajustado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos ajustado / hubiésemos ajustado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais ajustado / hubieseis ajustado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran ajustado / hubiesen ajustado |
| Vos | hubieras ajustado / hubieses ajustado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere ajustado |
| Tú | hubieres ajustado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere ajustado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos ajustado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis ajustado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren ajustado |
| Vos | hubieres ajustado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté ajustando |
| Tú | estés ajustando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté ajustando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos ajustando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis ajustando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén ajustando |
| Vos | estés ajustando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera ajustando / estuviese ajustando |
| Tú | estuvieras ajustando / estuvieses ajustando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera ajustando / estuviese ajustando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos ajustando / estuviésamos ajustando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais ajustando / estuvieseis ajustando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera ajustando / estuviese ajustando |
| Vos | estuvieras ajustando / estuvieses ajustando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere ajustando |
| Tú | estuvieres ajustando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere ajustando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos ajustando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis ajustando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere ajustando |
| Vos | estuvieres ajustando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos ajustás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos ajustaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos ajustabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos ajustarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos ajustarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos ajustes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos ajustaras / Vos ajustase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos ajustá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no ajustes |