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Alarmar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to alarm, disquiet”.
Below are all of the conjugations for alarmar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to alarm, disquiet |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | alarmar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está alarmando) and past continuous (estaba alarmando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. alarming).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he alarmado and hubiera alarmado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have alarmed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | alarmando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | alarmado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I alarm” or “they alarm”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | alarmo |
| Tú | alarmas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alarma |
| Nosotros / as | alarmamos |
| Vosotros / as | alarmáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alarman |
| Vos | alarmás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I alarmed” or “she alarmed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alarmé | I alarmed |
| Tú | alarmaste | You alarmed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alarmó | He / she / you alarmed |
| Nosotros / as | alarmamos | We alarmed |
| Vosotros / as | alarmasteis | You alarmed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alarmaron | They / you alarmed |
| Vos | alarmaste | You alarmed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was alarming” or “she was alarming” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alarmaba | I was alarming |
| Tú | alarmabas | You were alarming |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alarmaba | He was / she was / you were alarming |
| Nosotros / as | alarmábamos | We were alarming |
| Vosotros / as | alarmabais | You were alarming |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alarmaban | They / you were alarming |
| Vos | alarmabas | You were alarming |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have alarmed” and “she has alarmed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he alarmado | I have alarmed |
| Tú | has alarmado | You have alarmed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha alarmado | He has / she has / you have alarmed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos alarmado | We have alarmed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis alarmado | You have alarmed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han alarmado | They / you have alarmed |
| Vos | has alarmado | You have alarmed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would alarm” or “she would alarm”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alarmaría | I would alarm |
| Tú | alarmarías | You would alarm |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alarmaría | He / she / you would alarm |
| Nosotros / as | alarmaríamos | We would alarm |
| Vosotros / as | alarmaríais | You would alarm |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alarmarían | They / you would alarm |
| Vos | alarmarías | You would alarm |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will alarm” or “they will alarm”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a alarmar” means “They are going to alarm”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alarmaré | I will alarm |
| Tú | alarmarás | You will alarm |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alarmará | He / she / you will alarm |
| Nosotros / as | alarmaremos | We will alarm |
| Vosotros / as | alarmaréis | You will alarm |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alarmarán | They / you will alarm |
| Vos | alarmarás | You will alarm |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | alarme |
| Tú | alarmes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alarme |
| Nosotros / as | alarmemos |
| Vosotros / as | alarméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alarmen |
| Vos | alarmes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alarmara | alarmase |
| Tú | alarmaras | alarmase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alarmara | alarmase |
| Nosotros / as | alarmáramos | alarmásemos |
| Vosotros / as | alarmarais | alarmaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alarmaran | alarmasen |
| Vos | alarmaras | alarmase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | alarmare |
| Tú | alarmares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alarmare |
| Nosotros / as | alarmáremos |
| Vosotros / as | alarmareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alarmaren |
| Vos | alarmares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “alarm!” and “don’t alarm!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | alarma | no alarmes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alarme | no alarme |
| Nosotros / as | alarmemos | no alarmemos |
| Vosotros / as | alarmad | no alarméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alarmen | no alarmen |
| Vos | alarmá | no alarmes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya alarmado |
| Tú | hayas alarmado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya alarmado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos alarmado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis alarmado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan alarmado |
| Vos | hayas alarmado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera alarmado / hubiese alarmado |
| Tú | hubieras alarmado / hubieses alarmado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera alarmado / hubiese alarmado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos alarmado / hubiésemos alarmado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais alarmado / hubieseis alarmado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran alarmado / hubiesen alarmado |
| Vos | hubieras alarmado / hubieses alarmado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere alarmado |
| Tú | hubieres alarmado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere alarmado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos alarmado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis alarmado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren alarmado |
| Vos | hubieres alarmado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté alarmando |
| Tú | estés alarmando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté alarmando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos alarmando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis alarmando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén alarmando |
| Vos | estés alarmando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera alarmando / estuviese alarmando |
| Tú | estuvieras alarmando / estuvieses alarmando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera alarmando / estuviese alarmando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos alarmando / estuviésamos alarmando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais alarmando / estuvieseis alarmando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera alarmando / estuviese alarmando |
| Vos | estuvieras alarmando / estuvieses alarmando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere alarmando |
| Tú | estuvieres alarmando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere alarmando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos alarmando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis alarmando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere alarmando |
| Vos | estuvieres alarmando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos alarmás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos alarmaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos alarmabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos alarmarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos alarmarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos alarmes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos alarmaras / Vos alarmase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos alarmá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no alarmes |