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Alertar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to alert, warn”.
Below are all of the conjugations for alertar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to alert, warn |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | alertar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está alertando) and past continuous (estaba alertando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. alerting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he alertado and hubiera alertado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have alerted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | alertando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | alertado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I alert” or “they alert”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | alerto |
| Tú | alertas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alerta |
| Nosotros / as | alertamos |
| Vosotros / as | alertáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alertan |
| Vos | alertás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I alerted” or “she alerted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alerté | I alerted |
| Tú | alertaste | You alerted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alertó | He / she / you alerted |
| Nosotros / as | alertamos | We alerted |
| Vosotros / as | alertasteis | You alerted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alertaron | They / you alerted |
| Vos | alertaste | You alerted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was alerting” or “she was alerting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alertaba | I was alerting |
| Tú | alertabas | You were alerting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alertaba | He was / she was / you were alerting |
| Nosotros / as | alertábamos | We were alerting |
| Vosotros / as | alertabais | You were alerting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alertaban | They / you were alerting |
| Vos | alertabas | You were alerting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have alerted” and “she has alerted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he alertado | I have alerted |
| Tú | has alertado | You have alerted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha alertado | He has / she has / you have alerted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos alertado | We have alerted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis alertado | You have alerted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han alertado | They / you have alerted |
| Vos | has alertado | You have alerted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would alert” or “she would alert”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alertaría | I would alert |
| Tú | alertarías | You would alert |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alertaría | He / she / you would alert |
| Nosotros / as | alertaríamos | We would alert |
| Vosotros / as | alertaríais | You would alert |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alertarían | They / you would alert |
| Vos | alertarías | You would alert |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will alert” or “they will alert”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a alertar” means “They are going to alert”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alertaré | I will alert |
| Tú | alertarás | You will alert |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alertará | He / she / you will alert |
| Nosotros / as | alertaremos | We will alert |
| Vosotros / as | alertaréis | You will alert |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alertarán | They / you will alert |
| Vos | alertarás | You will alert |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | alerte |
| Tú | alertes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alerte |
| Nosotros / as | alertemos |
| Vosotros / as | alertéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alerten |
| Vos | alertes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | alertara | alertase |
| Tú | alertaras | alertase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alertara | alertase |
| Nosotros / as | alertáramos | alertásemos |
| Vosotros / as | alertarais | alertaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alertaran | alertasen |
| Vos | alertaras | alertase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | alertare |
| Tú | alertares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alertare |
| Nosotros / as | alertáremos |
| Vosotros / as | alertareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alertaren |
| Vos | alertares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “alert!” and “don’t alert!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | alerta | no alertes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | alerte | no alerte |
| Nosotros / as | alertemos | no alertemos |
| Vosotros / as | alertad | no alertéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | alerten | no alerten |
| Vos | alertá | no alertes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya alertado |
| Tú | hayas alertado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya alertado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos alertado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis alertado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan alertado |
| Vos | hayas alertado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera alertado / hubiese alertado |
| Tú | hubieras alertado / hubieses alertado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera alertado / hubiese alertado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos alertado / hubiésemos alertado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais alertado / hubieseis alertado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran alertado / hubiesen alertado |
| Vos | hubieras alertado / hubieses alertado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere alertado |
| Tú | hubieres alertado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere alertado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos alertado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis alertado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren alertado |
| Vos | hubieres alertado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté alertando |
| Tú | estés alertando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté alertando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos alertando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis alertando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén alertando |
| Vos | estés alertando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera alertando / estuviese alertando |
| Tú | estuvieras alertando / estuvieses alertando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera alertando / estuviese alertando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos alertando / estuviésamos alertando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais alertando / estuvieseis alertando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera alertando / estuviese alertando |
| Vos | estuvieras alertando / estuvieses alertando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere alertando |
| Tú | estuvieres alertando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere alertando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos alertando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis alertando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere alertando |
| Vos | estuvieres alertando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos alertás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos alertaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos alertabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos alertarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos alertarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos alertes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos alertaras / Vos alertase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos alertá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no alertes |