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Amortiguar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to muffle, deaden, dim”.
Below are all of the conjugations for amortiguar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to muffle, deaden, dim |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | amortiguar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está amortiguando) and past continuous (estaba amortiguando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. muffling).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he amortiguado and hubiera amortiguado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have muffled).
| Gerundio / Gerund | amortiguando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | amortiguado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I muffle” or “they muffle”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | amortiguo |
| Tú | amortiguas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | amortigua |
| Nosotros / as | amortiguamos |
| Vosotros / as | amortiguáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | amortiguan |
| Vos | amortiguás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I muffled” or “she muffled” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | amortigüé | I muffled |
| Tú | amortiguaste | You muffled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | amortiguó | He / she / you muffled |
| Nosotros / as | amortiguamos | We muffled |
| Vosotros / as | amortiguasteis | You muffled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | amortiguaron | They / you muffled |
| Vos | amortiguaste | You muffled |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was muffling” or “she was muffling” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | amortiguaba | I was muffling |
| Tú | amortiguabas | You were muffling |
| Él / Ella / Usted | amortiguaba | He was / she was / you were muffling |
| Nosotros / as | amortiguábamos | We were muffling |
| Vosotros / as | amortiguabais | You were muffling |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | amortiguaban | They / you were muffling |
| Vos | amortiguabas | You were muffling |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have muffled” and “she has muffled”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he amortiguado | I have muffled |
| Tú | has amortiguado | You have muffled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha amortiguado | He has / she has / you have muffled |
| Nosotros / as | hemos amortiguado | We have muffled |
| Vosotros / as | habéis amortiguado | You have muffled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han amortiguado | They / you have muffled |
| Vos | has amortiguado | You have muffled |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would muffle” or “she would muffle”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | amortiguaría | I would muffle |
| Tú | amortiguarías | You would muffle |
| Él / Ella / Usted | amortiguaría | He / she / you would muffle |
| Nosotros / as | amortiguaríamos | We would muffle |
| Vosotros / as | amortiguaríais | You would muffle |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | amortiguarían | They / you would muffle |
| Vos | amortiguarías | You would muffle |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will muffle” or “they will muffle”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a amortiguar” means “They are going to muffle”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | amortiguaré | I will muffle |
| Tú | amortiguarás | You will muffle |
| Él / Ella / Usted | amortiguará | He / she / you will muffle |
| Nosotros / as | amortiguaremos | We will muffle |
| Vosotros / as | amortiguaréis | You will muffle |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | amortiguarán | They / you will muffle |
| Vos | amortiguarás | You will muffle |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | amortigüe |
| Tú | amortigües |
| Él / Ella / Usted | amortigüe |
| Nosotros / as | amortigüemos |
| Vosotros / as | amortigüéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | amortigüen |
| Vos | amortigües |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | amortiguara | amortiguase |
| Tú | amortiguaras | amortiguase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | amortiguara | amortiguase |
| Nosotros / as | amortiguáramos | amortiguásemos |
| Vosotros / as | amortiguarais | amortiguaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | amortiguaran | amortiguasen |
| Vos | amortiguaras | amortiguase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | amortiguare |
| Tú | amortiguares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | amortiguare |
| Nosotros / as | amortiguáremos |
| Vosotros / as | amortiguareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | amortiguaren |
| Vos | amortiguares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “muffle!” and “don’t muffle!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | amortigua | no amortigües |
| Él / Ella / Usted | amortigüe | no amortigüe |
| Nosotros / as | amortigüemos | no amortigüemos |
| Vosotros / as | amortiguad | no amortigüéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | amortigüen | no amortigüen |
| Vos | amortiguá | no amortigües |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya amortiguado |
| Tú | hayas amortiguado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya amortiguado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos amortiguado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis amortiguado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan amortiguado |
| Vos | hayas amortiguado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera amortiguado / hubiese amortiguado |
| Tú | hubieras amortiguado / hubieses amortiguado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera amortiguado / hubiese amortiguado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos amortiguado / hubiésemos amortiguado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais amortiguado / hubieseis amortiguado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran amortiguado / hubiesen amortiguado |
| Vos | hubieras amortiguado / hubieses amortiguado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere amortiguado |
| Tú | hubieres amortiguado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere amortiguado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos amortiguado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis amortiguado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren amortiguado |
| Vos | hubieres amortiguado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté amortiguando |
| Tú | estés amortiguando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté amortiguando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos amortiguando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis amortiguando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén amortiguando |
| Vos | estés amortiguando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera amortiguando / estuviese amortiguando |
| Tú | estuvieras amortiguando / estuvieses amortiguando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera amortiguando / estuviese amortiguando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos amortiguando / estuviésamos amortiguando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais amortiguando / estuvieseis amortiguando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera amortiguando / estuviese amortiguando |
| Vos | estuvieras amortiguando / estuvieses amortiguando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere amortiguando |
| Tú | estuvieres amortiguando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere amortiguando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos amortiguando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis amortiguando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere amortiguando |
| Vos | estuvieres amortiguando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos amortiguás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos amortiguaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos amortiguabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos amortiguarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos amortiguarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos amortigües |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos amortiguaras / Vos amortiguase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos amortiguá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no amortigües |