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Animar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to animate, comfort, encourage”.
Below are all of the conjugations for animar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to animate, comfort, encourage |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | animar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está animando) and past continuous (estaba animando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. animating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he animado and hubiera animado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have animated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | animando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | animado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I animate” or “they animate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | animo |
| Tú | animas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anima |
| Nosotros / as | animamos |
| Vosotros / as | animáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | animan |
| Vos | animás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I animated” or “she animated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | animé | I animated |
| Tú | animaste | You animated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | animó | He / she / you animated |
| Nosotros / as | animamos | We animated |
| Vosotros / as | animasteis | You animated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | animaron | They / you animated |
| Vos | animaste | You animated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was animating” or “she was animating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | animaba | I was animating |
| Tú | animabas | You were animating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | animaba | He was / she was / you were animating |
| Nosotros / as | animábamos | We were animating |
| Vosotros / as | animabais | You were animating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | animaban | They / you were animating |
| Vos | animabas | You were animating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have animated” and “she has animated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he animado | I have animated |
| Tú | has animado | You have animated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha animado | He has / she has / you have animated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos animado | We have animated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis animado | You have animated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han animado | They / you have animated |
| Vos | has animado | You have animated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would animate” or “she would animate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | animaría | I would animate |
| Tú | animarías | You would animate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | animaría | He / she / you would animate |
| Nosotros / as | animaríamos | We would animate |
| Vosotros / as | animaríais | You would animate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | animarían | They / you would animate |
| Vos | animarías | You would animate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will animate” or “they will animate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a animar” means “They are going to animate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | animaré | I will animate |
| Tú | animarás | You will animate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | animará | He / she / you will animate |
| Nosotros / as | animaremos | We will animate |
| Vosotros / as | animaréis | You will animate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | animarán | They / you will animate |
| Vos | animarás | You will animate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | anime |
| Tú | animes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anime |
| Nosotros / as | animemos |
| Vosotros / as | animéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | animen |
| Vos | animes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | animara | animase |
| Tú | animaras | animase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | animara | animase |
| Nosotros / as | animáramos | animásemos |
| Vosotros / as | animarais | animaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | animaran | animasen |
| Vos | animaras | animase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | animare |
| Tú | animares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | animare |
| Nosotros / as | animáremos |
| Vosotros / as | animareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | animaren |
| Vos | animares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “animate!” and “don’t animate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | anima | no animes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | anime | no anime |
| Nosotros / as | animemos | no animemos |
| Vosotros / as | animad | no animéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | animen | no animen |
| Vos | animá | no animes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya animado |
| Tú | hayas animado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya animado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos animado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis animado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan animado |
| Vos | hayas animado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera animado / hubiese animado |
| Tú | hubieras animado / hubieses animado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera animado / hubiese animado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos animado / hubiésemos animado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais animado / hubieseis animado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran animado / hubiesen animado |
| Vos | hubieras animado / hubieses animado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere animado |
| Tú | hubieres animado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere animado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos animado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis animado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren animado |
| Vos | hubieres animado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté animando |
| Tú | estés animando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté animando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos animando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis animando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén animando |
| Vos | estés animando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera animando / estuviese animando |
| Tú | estuvieras animando / estuvieses animando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera animando / estuviese animando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos animando / estuviésamos animando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais animando / estuvieseis animando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera animando / estuviese animando |
| Vos | estuvieras animando / estuvieses animando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere animando |
| Tú | estuvieres animando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere animando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos animando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis animando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere animando |
| Vos | estuvieres animando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos animás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos animaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos animabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos animarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos animarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos animes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos animaras / Vos animase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos animá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no animes |